Table 1.

Complications of excessive cough (Irwin, “Complications of cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines,” [2].

Respiratory	Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, exacerbation of asthma, laryngeal trauma
Cardiovascular	Arterial hypotension, dislodgment/malfunctioning of intravascular catheters, bradyarrhythmias, and tachyarrhythmias
Gastrointestinal	Gastroesophageal reflux events, Mallory–Weiss tear, splenic rupture, herniation
Neurological	Headache, dizziness, cough syncope, cerebral air embolism, acute cervical radiculopathy, seizures, and stroke due to vertebral artery dissection
Genitourinary	Urinary incontinence, inversion of the bladder through the urethra
Musculoskeletal	Rib fractures, diaphragmatic rupture
Others	Fear of serious disease, decreased quality of life, disruption of surgical wounds, petechiae, and purpura