Table 2. .
Characteristics of Study Participants at Baseline and Causes of Death in the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study; P Values From Kruskal-Wallis Rank-Sum Test for Continuous Variables and Chi-Square Test for Categorical Variables Are Shown
| All (n = 4700) |
Death (n = 478) |
Death Linked (n = 368) |
Death Not Linked (n = 110) |
P Value Linked, VS Not Linked | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male Female |
2901 (61.72) 1799 (38.28) |
338 (70.71) 140 (29.29) |
259 (70.38) 109 (29.62) |
79 (71.82) 31 (28.18) |
.86 |
| Nationality | Swiss Other Unknown |
3456 (73.53) 1235 (26.28) 9 (0.19) |
372 (77.82) 106 (22.18) X |
291 (79.08) 77 (20.92) X |
81 (73.64) 29 (26.36) X |
.28 |
| Age at baseline, y | 47.5 (40.6−55.1) | 51.8 (44.5−60) | 52 (45−60.1) | 50.9 (43.3−57.2) | .31 | |
| Age at death census, y | 53.5 (46.4−60.5) | 56 (48.5−64.7) | 56.3 (50.4−65.3) | 53.6 (46.1−60) | .01 | |
| Time from baseline to death census, y | 6.5 (2.2−9) | 4 (2−6.5) | 4.9 (2.9−6.8) | 1.6 (0.6−3.5) | <.001 | |
| Treatment at baseline | No DAA (IFN-free) IFN-based |
2910 (61.91) 33 (0.7) 1757 (37.38) |
263 (55.02) X 215 (44.98) |
194 (52.72) X 174 (47.28) |
69 (62.73) X 41 (37.27) |
NA |
| IDU at baseline | Never Ever Unknown |
1780 (37.87) 2578 (54.85) 342 (7.28) |
182 (38.08) 263 (55.02) 33 (6.9) |
142 (38.59) 201 (54.62) 25 (6.79) |
40 (36.36) 62 (56.36) 8 (7.27) |
.78 |
| Fibrosis score at baseline | F0, F1, or F2 F3 or F4 Unknown |
2538 (54) 1261 (26.83) 901 (19.17) |
160 (33.47) 229 (47.91) 89 (18.62) |
123 (33.42) 185 (50.27) 60 (16.3) |
37 (33.64) 44 (40) 29 (26.36) |
.42 |
| Treatment status at baseline | Never treated Treated with SVR Treated with failure Treated, outcome unknown |
2910 (61.91) 693 (14.74) 941 (20.02) 156 (3.32) |
263 (55.02) 44 (9.21) 144 (30.13) 27 (5.65) |
194 (52.72) 35 (9.51) 119 (32.34) 20 (5.43) |
69 (62.73) 9 (8.18) 25 (22.73) 7 (6.36) |
.12 |
| BMI at baseline | 24.1 (21.6−27.1) | 24.9 (21.6−28.5) | 24.8 (21.6−28.4) | 25.7 (21.8−30.8) | .26 | |
| HIV coinfection at baseline | No Yes Unknown |
3204 (68.17) 258 (5.49) 1238 (26.34) |
326 (68.2) 51 (10.67) 101 (21.13) |
252 (68.48) 35 (9.51) 81 (22.01) |
74 (67.27) 16 (14.55) 20 (18.18) |
.24 |
| Cirrhosis at baseline | No Yes Unknown |
3259 (69.34) 828 (17.62) 613 (13.04) |
213 (44.56) 207 (43.31) 58 (12.13) |
165 (44.84) 163 (44.29) 40 (10.87) |
48 (43.64) 44 (40) 18 (16.36) |
.84 |
| Diabetes mellitus at baseline | No Yes Unknown |
4019 (85.51) 275 (5.85) 406 (8.64) |
336 (70.29) 52 (10.88) 90 (18.83) |
274 (74.46) 33 (8.97) 61 (16.58) |
62 (56.36) 19 (17.27) 29 (26.36) |
.01 |
| Alcohol consumption at baseline | Light Former Heavy Moderate Unknown |
2952 (62.81) 348 (7.4) 749 (15.94) 563 (11.98) 88 (1.87) |
268 (56.07) 43 (9) 111 (23.22) 46 (9.62) 10 (2.09) |
199 (54.08) 38 (10.33) 91 (24.73) 34 (9.24) 6 (1.63) |
69 (62.73) 5 (4.55) 20 (18.18) 12 (10.91) 4 (3.64) |
.11 |
| Cause of death | Cardiovascular Liver cancer Liver failure Nonliver cancer Other Unnatural |
33 (0.7) 89 (1.89) 114 (2.43) 72 (1.53) 59 (1.26) 65 (1.38) |
33 (6.9) 89 (18.62) 114 (23.85) 72 (15.06) 59 (12.34) 65 (13.6) |
26 (7.07) 84 (22.83) 99 (26.9) 65 (17.66) 41 (11.14) 53 (14.4) |
7 (6.36) 5 (4.55) 15 (13.64) 7 (6.36) 18 (16.36) 12 (10.91) |
NA |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DAA, direct-acting antiviral agent; IDU, injection drug use; IFN, interferon; SVR, sustained virologic response; VS, versus.