Table 1.
An Overview of the Training and Internal and External Validation Test Sets
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICDRS | |||||
| Training samples on DAPHNE classifier using 28,100 from Kaggle | 20647 | 1955 | 4234 | 698 | 566 |
| Internal validation (7024 from Kaggle) | 5161 | 488 | 1058 | 175 | 142 |
| External validation datasets | |||||
| Kenya | 11479 | 9463 | 3395 | 329 | 34 |
| NSC | R0 | R1 | R2 | R3 | — |
| Additional training samples on DAPHNE classifier (only its distribution in NSC is shown for simplicity) | 3659 | 346 | 750 | 224 | — |
| External validation datasets | |||||
| NSC | R0 | R1 | R2 | R3 | — |
| China | 9986 | 3279 | 1240 | 495 | — |
| Saudi Arabia | 7451 | 1854 | 582 | 139 | — |
0, no DR; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe; 4, proliferative; R0, no DR; R1; background; R2, preproliferative; R3, proliferative.