Table 1.
Characteristic |
Cases
(n = 1,496) |
Controls
(n = 7,478) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | |
Response to the 1986 questionnaireb | 95.9 | 95.8 | ||
Age, years | 61.3 (2.5) | 60.9 (2.4) | ||
Educational level | ||||
Registered nurse | 78.3 | 77.0 | ||
Bachelor’s degree | 16.1 | 16.9 | ||
Master’s or doctoral degree | 5.6 | 6.1 | ||
Current smokerc | 19.7 | 15.8 | ||
History of chronic disease | ||||
High blood pressure | 38.7 | 31.3 | ||
High cholesterol level | 19.5 | 17.2 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 4.9 | 2.8 | ||
Body mass indexc,d | 25.9 (4.8) | 25.3 (4.2) | ||
Body mass index categoryc | ||||
Underweight (<18.5) | 1.4 | 0.9 | ||
Normal-weight (18.5–24.9) | 48.9 | 54.7 | ||
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 32.8 | 31.7 | ||
Obese (≥30.0) | 16.9 | 12.8 | ||
Physical activity, MET-hours/week | ||||
Total | 13.1 (25.2) | 13.6 (18.3) | ||
Low-intensitye | 6.7 (9.2) | 7.4 (9.6) | ||
A-MeDi scorec | 4.3 (1.8) | 4.4 (1.9) | ||
A-MeDi componentsc | ||||
Food consumption, servings/day | ||||
Vegetables | 3.3 (1.9) | 3.3 (1.9) | ||
Legumes | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | ||
Fruits | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.5) | ||
Nuts | 0.4 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.5) | ||
Whole grains | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | ||
Fish | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | ||
Red/processed meat | 0.8 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.5) | ||
Alcohol consumption, g/day | 6.3 (11.3) | 6.5 (10.7) | ||
MUFA:SFA ratio | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) |
Abbreviations: A-MeDi, alternate Mediterranean diet; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; SD, standard deviation; SFA, saturated fatty acid.
a Cognitive decline was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (25).
b The midpoint time of the longest study period for exposures (i.e., 1986 for body mass index).
c Among nonmissing values. Data were missing for 0.3% of cases and 0.1% of controls for smoking, 15.8% of cases and 12.0% of controls for body mass index, and 20.7% of cases and 18.3% of controls for A-MeDi score.
d Weight (kg)/height (m)2.
e Low-intensity physical activity was calculated as the sum of walking and stair-climbing.