Table 3.

Normative Data for the PCL-5 and subscales.

Scale	M	SD	Possible range	Observed range	Cronbach's alpha
PCL-5	38.81	12.40	0–80	0–80	0.91
PCL-5 intrusionsa	11.04	5.05	0–20	0–20	0.90
PCL-5 avoidancea	4.48	2.18	0–8	0–8	0.75
PCL-5 neg. Cognition & emotionsa	16.09	5.74	0–28	1–26	0.84
PCL-5 hyperarousala	14.06	4.71	0–24	2–24	0.74
Re-experiencingb	11.04	5.05	0–20	0–20	0.90
Avoidanceb	4.48	2.18	0–8	0–8	0.75
Negative affectb	9.23	4.00	0–16	1–16	0.87
Anhedoniab	6.86	2.87	0–12	0–12	0.81
Externalizing behaviorb	4.71	2.13	0–8	0–8	0.76
Anxious arousalb	4.77	2.09	0–8	0–8	0.76
Dysphoric arousalb	4.58	2.19	0–8	0–8	0.77

Note: a DSM-5 4-factor model, b 7-factor model.