TABLE 2.
Baseline Cohort Characteristics With Morphologic Single Ventricle Comparison
| Total Cases | RV(%) | LV(%) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case number | 1,162 | 678(58) | 484(42) | |
| Female | 457 | 240(53) | 217(47) | 0.02 |
| Age at Fontan (y, IQR) | 2.2(1.8–3.1) | 2.1(1.7–2.8) | 2.3(1.8–3.7) | <0.001 |
| BW at Fontan (kg, IQR) | 11.8(10.3–13.8) | 11.3(10.1–13.0) | 12.4(10.6–14.9) | <0.001 |
| Stage I | 1015 | 631(62) | 384(38) | |
| Norwood | 582 | 512(88) | 70(12) | <0.001 |
| SP shunt | 330 | 80(24) | 250(76) | <0.001 |
| PAB | 103 | 39(38) | 64(62) | <0.001 |
| Stage II | 1007 | 644(64) | 363(36) | |
| HFP | 745 | 506(68) | 239(32) | <0.001 |
| BDG | 262 | 138(53) | 124(47) | 0.03 |
| Pre-Fontan evaluation | 1,125 | 667(59) | 458(41) | |
| SVEDP (mm Hg, IQR) | 8.0(6.0–10.0) | 8.0(6.0–10.0) | 8.0(6.0–10.0) | 0.75 |
| Mean PAP (mmHg, IQR) | 12.0(10.0–14.0) | 12.0(10.0–14.0) | 12.0(10.0–14.0) | 0.21 |
| PVR (Wood U × m2, IQR) | 1.8(1.3–2.4) | 1.9(1.4–2.4) | 1.7(1.1–2.3) | 0.006 |
| Dysfunction ≥ moderate | 24 | 19(79) | 5(21) | 0.04 |
| AVVR ≥ moderate | 144 | 114(79) | 30(21) | <0.001 |
| LT Fontan | 957 | 601(63) | 356(37) | <0.001 |
| ECC Fontan | 123 | 66(54) | 57(46) | 0.23 |
| APC/Bjork | 82 | 10(12) | 72(88) | <0.001 |
| CPB time (min, IQR) | 67(54–93) | 64(54–87) | 72(56–102) | <0.001 |
| Cross clamp time (min, IQR) | 29(22–40) | 29(23–37) | 30(22–47) | 0.20 |
| Fenestration | 929 | 668(74) | 452(36) | <0.001 |
| Concomitant procedures | ||||
| AVV repair/replacement | 89 | 75(84) | 14(16) | <0.001 |
| Fontan pathway | 77 | 45(58) | 32(42) | 1.0 |
| Rhythm surgery | 27 | 13(48) | 14(52) | 0.3 |
| Systemic obstruction | 21 | 7(33) | 14(67) | 0.02 |
| Others | 25 | 13(52) | 12(48) | 0.5 |
| Median follow-up (y, IQR) | 8.3(2.0–15.4) | 7.9(2.1–14.0) | 9.9(1.9–19.0) | 0.06 |
The normality of data was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and all variables were found to be non-normally distributed and were reported as median with interquartile range. Difference analysis was conducted by the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Concomitant procedures included 1) atrioventricular valve repair or replacement; 2) patch augmentation of pulmonary arteries, superior vena cava or inferior vena cava stenosis as “Fontan pathway”; 3) surgical ablation or pacemaker implantation as “Rhythm surgery”; 4) re-coarctation repair, bulboventricular foramen/ventricular septal defect enlargement or sub-aortic stenosis repair as “Systemic obstruction”; 5) atrial septectomy, pulmonary vein stenosis repair, collateral vessels ligation or diaphragm plication as “others.” The number of patients available of SVEDP, mean PAP, PVR was 1,123 (99%), 1,125 (99%), and 747 (66 %), respectively.
APC = atriopulmonary connection; AVVR = atrioventricular valve regurgitation; BDG, bidirectional Glenn; BW = bodyweight; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; ECC = extracardiac conduit; HFP = Hemi-Fontan procedure; IQR = interquartile range; LT = lateral tunnel; PAB = pulmonary artery banding; PAP = pulmonary artery pressure; PVR = pulmonary vascular resistance; SP = systemic pulmonary; SVEDP = systemic ventricle end-diastolic pressure.