Table 2.

Barriers to research participation and leadership from TDF

Domain	Subcategory	Mentions	Sources	Total mentions	Total sources
Environmental context	Time or funding pressures	37	11	104	13
	Coordinating activity with staff or service changes	33	8
	Competing clinical or research priorities	23	10
	Reduced access to research resources	7	8
Emotions	Feeling overwhelmed of nervousness or intimidation in undertaking research	29	11	40	13
	Fear of getting it wrong	7	6
	Coping with uncertainty	4	5
	Frustration with longer time frames for research	3	2
Beliefs about capabilities	Perceived lack of self-efficacy in general aspects of research	28	9	42	11
	Lack of confidence in statistics and data analysis	11	5
	Lack of confidence in presenting research	2	2
Behaviour regulation	Balancing tension of juggling research with other work and distractions (ie, email)	12	7	24	7
	Having to prioritise clinical work over research work	12	3
Beliefs about consequences	May miss other job opportunities	7	3	20	7
	Research will be restrictive or less valuable	7	2
	Difficulties with recruitment or other operational constraints	3	2
	May miss seeing patients	2	2
Social influences	Perception of negative opinion or support in operational team	9	4	12	5
	Managers not engaging in research or giving lip-service	3	3
Skills	Lack of skills learnt at university	6	4	12	6
	Lack of skills limit ability	2	2
Goals/motivation	When the research idea is not initiated by clinician but someone else or in unrelated area	4	2	8	2
	Lack of clarity or vision for the research	2	1
	Reduced motivation	2	1
Knowledge	Lack of knowledge of processes	6	4	8	5
	Lack of time to access knowledge	2	1
Social, professional role and identity	Challenge of straddling between two roles	4	2	9	4
	Personal social circumstances may impact on engagement	3	2
Memory, attention, decision-making	Prioritisation of other tasks	5	2	7	2
	Staff needing reminders to collect data	2	1
Optimism	Pessimism and feeling guilty about lack of progress	3	3	3	3

TDF, theoretical domains framework.