Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for overall survival among patients with recurrent pancreatic cancer

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
Age at time of recurrence (≥ 75 vs. < 75)	0.886	0.521–1.507	0.655
Sex (male vs. female)	0.875	0.505–1.515	0.633
BMI at the time of recurrence (< 21.8 kg/m2 vs. ≥ 21.8 kg/m2)	2.249	1.186–4.264	0.013	1.203	0.608–2.380	0.596
Smoking status at the time of recurrence (current or former vs. never)	0.903	0.478–1.707	0.753
Primary tumor location (head vs. body and tail)	0.876	0.512–1.499	0.630
Primary tumor size (≥ 28.9 mm vs. < 28.9 mm)	1.396	0.826–2.361	0.213
Histological grading for primary tumor (G1 vs. other)	0.729	0.435–1.222	0.230
Lymph node metastasis at initial surgery (present vs. absent)	1.624	0.911–2.895	0.100	1.560	0.819–2.972	0.176
Surgical margin at the initial resection (present vs. absent)	0.940	0.445–1.986	0.871
Serum CA19-9 level at time of recurrence (≥ 107.95 U/ml vs. < 107.95 U/ml)	0.931	0.548–1.583	0.793
NLR (≥ 1.69 mm vs. < 1.69 mm)	2.544	1.460–4.434	0.001	2.357	1.314–4.228	0.004
Time to recurrence after pancreatectomy (< 12 months [early] vs. ≥ 12 months [late])	2.618	1.489–4.604	0.001	2.940	1.551–5.573	0.001
Initial site of recurrence (distant vs. local)	1.227	0.717–2.100	0.456
Chemotherapy after recurrence (present vs. absent)	0.489	0.266–0.898	0.021	0.348	0.165–0.732	0.005
Sarcopenia at time of recurrence (present vs. absent)	2.846	1.029–7.871	0.044	3.094	1.035–9.248	0.043

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, G1 well-differentiated, BMI body mass index, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio