Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable association of LVH using echocardiogram with clinical parameters in patients with asymptomatic hypertension
| LVH on echocardiogram | ||||
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Higher age | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.10) | 0.001 |
| Male | 0.93 (0.63 to 1.37) | 0.707 | ||
| Low education | 1.08 (0.61 to 1.93) | 0.792 | ||
| Having a partner | 0.92 (0.58 to 1.45) | 0.711 | ||
| Lifestyle | ||||
| Current smoker | 0.66 (0.37 to 1.21) | 0.184 | ||
| Regular alcohol use* | 1.10 (0.73 to 1.66) | 0.653 | ||
| Recommended physical exercise† | 0.89 (0.53 to 1.50) | 0.660 | ||
| Clinical characteristics and risk factors | ||||
| Previous MI | 2.94 (1.10 to 7.89) | 0.032 | 2.86 (1.04 to 7.83) | 0.041 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 0.48 (0.17 to 1.38) | 0.175 | ||
| Previous TIA/stroke | 1.69 (0.85 to 3.37) | 0.134 | ||
| Diabetes | 1.26 (0.65 to 2.43) | 0.500 | ||
| Higher BMI‡ | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.09) | 0.046 | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) | 0.032 |
| LnBNP§ | 1.35 (1.06 to 1.71) | 0.014 | ||
| Higher total cholesterol¶ | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.37) | 0.278 | ||
| Higher LDL¶ | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.38) | 0.360 | ||
| Higher SBP | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.008 | ||
| SBP >140 | 1.27 (0.84 to 1.92) | 0.255 | ||
| SBP >150 | 1.39 (0.94 to 2.04) | 0.099 | ||
| Higher DBP | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.188 | ||
| DBP >90 | 0.92 (0.57 to 1.48) | 0.715 | ||
| Blood pressure on target** | 1.24 (0.84 to 1.83) | 0.291 | ||
| More years of hypertension¶ | 1.15 (0.94 to 1.41) | 0.170 | ||
| LVH on ECG | 1.70 (0.92 to 3.13) | 0.088 | ||
Data are presented as OR with corresponding p value. Bold numbers indicate a p value <0.1 at univariable analysis, and p value <0.05 at multivariable analysis.
*Defined as ≥2 glasses of alcohol per day on average.
†Defined as ≥30 min exercise per day, at least 5 days/week.
‡n=418.
§n=400.
¶n=407 due to missing data.
**On-target systolic blood pressure defined as <140 mm Hg for persons aged less than 70 years and <150 mm Hg for persons aged 70 years or more.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LnBNP, log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.