Table 2.

Commercial nanomedicines (or under clinical trial) for the antiviral therapy/treatment (Souce of data: Neogi et al., 2020; Letko et al., 2020; Dong et al., 2020; Kalantar-Zadeh et al., 2020; Kang, 2020).

Nanomedicines	Biomedical application	Year/stage of development	Mode of action	Disease indication
Influvac Plus	Virosome vaccine	2005	Presence of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin	Influenza
TKM-HBV	Solid/lipid nanoparticle	u.c.e	RNAi therapeutics	HBV
Cervisil	SiRNA therapeutic	Preclinical evaluation	Gene silencing	HPV
Doravirine	Nanoparticulate formulation	u.c.ea	Reverse trancriptase inhibitor (non-nucleoside)	HIV
DermaVir	Therapeutic vaccine	u.c.e	DNA immunogen with HIV specific T cell precursor	HIV
Inflexal V	Liposome vaccine	1997	Antigens specific on speherical carriers surface	Influenza
Epaxal	Liposome vaccine	1999	Natural process mimics peroxidases	HAV
Pegasys	PEGylated interferon	2002	PEGylation control stability of protein	HBV, HCV
Geovax	Antiviral therapy	p.e	Ankara—Virus alike drug therapy	SARS-Cov-2
Novavax	Nanoparticulate therapeutics	p.e	Clinical stage antiviral nanobiotechnology	SARS-Cov-2
Fluquit	SiRNA therapeutic	p.ea	Gene silencing	Influenza
Curevac	Infections virus vaccine	p.e	mRNA technique	SARS-Cov-2
Peglntron	PEGylated interferon	2001	PEGylation control stability of protein	HCV
Vivagel	Dendrimer	u.c.e	Dendrimer with sulphonic acid group interaction	HSV, HIV

^ap.e-preclinical evaluation, u.c.e-under clinical evaluation, HAV- hepatitis A virus, HIV- human immunodeficiency virus, HBV- hepatitis B virus, HPV- human papillomavirus, HCV- hepatitis C virus, HSV- herpes simplex virus.