Table 2.
Replicating viral vector-based vaccines that encode for the S protein.
| Manufacturer | Strategy | Vaccine Name/Stage | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zydus Cadila | Codon-optimised proteins of the new coronavirus, expressed by replicating measles viral vector, will use reverse genetics to stimulate long-term neutralizing antibodies that protect against the infection | Pre-Clinical | (“Zydus Cadila. Zydus Cadila looks to expedite Covid-19 vaccine development February 17, 2020. https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/zydus-cadila-covid-19-vaccine/, May 21, 2020.,” n.d.) |
| Institute Pasteur/Themis/ Univ. of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research |
The vaccine candidate consists of a replicating measles viral vector | Pre-Clinical | (“CEPI. CEPI collaborates with the Institut Pasteur in a consortium to develop COVID-19 vaccine. March 19, 2020. https://cepi.net/news_cepi/cepi-collaborates-withthe- institut-pasteur-in-a-consortium-to-develop-covid-19- vaccine/. Accessed May 21, 2020.,” n.d.) |
| Tonix Pharma/ Southern Research | Horsepox vector expressing S protein | Pre-Clinical | (“Tonix Pharma. TNX-1800 Horsepox vector for S protein. April 26, 2020. https://covidvax.org/covid19-vaccine/Tonix/TNX-1800-Horsepox-vector-for-S-protein-Tonix-Pharma-Southern-Research. Accessed May 21, 2020.,” n.d.) |
| BiOCAD and IEM | This viral vector vaccine based on attenuated influenza virus backbone (intranasal) | Pre-Clinical | (“BIOCAD, 2020. https://gmpnews.net/2020/03/biocad-begins-developing-covid-19-vaccine/. Accessed May21, 2020.,” n.d.) |
| University of Hong Kong | Influenza vector expressing RBD on its surface to induce immunogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus; notably, can be administered as a nasal spray | Pre-Clinical | (“University of Hong Kong. CEPI partners with University of Hong Kong to develop COVID-19 vaccine. March 18, 2020. https://cepi.net/news_cepi/cepi-partners-with-university-of-hong-kong-to-develop-covid-19-vaccine/. Accessed May 21, 2020.,” n.d.) |
| IAVI/Batavia | Replication-competent VSV chimeric virus technology (VSVΔG) delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) glycoprotein | Pre-Clinical | (“IAVI and Batavia Biosciences Announce Collaboration on VSV-vector Based Epidemic Preparedness Vaccines: https://www.iavi.org/newsroom/press-releases/2020/iavi-and-batavia-announce-collaboration-vsv-vector-epidemic-preparedness-vaccines. March 5, 2020.,” n.d.) |
| University of Western Ontario | VSV-S (Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-S) previously successfully used for the development of a vaccine for MERS | Pre-Clinical | (“University of Ontario. Ontario Leading COVID-19 Research in Canada Province Announces First Phase of Research Projects to Fight COVID-19. May 21, 2020. https://news.ontario.ca/opo/en/2020/05/ontario-leading-covid-19-research-in-canada.html. Accessed May 21, 2020,” n.d.) |