Table 1. Univariate associations of sociodemographic characteristics, general and oral health status, and systemic health status with periodontal status (CPI) (n=1,911).
| Variables | No. | Lower CPIa) | Higher CPIb) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | <0.001 | ||||
| Male | 839 | 446 (44.3) | 393 (59.2) | ||
| Female | 1,072 | 743 (55.7) | 329 (40.8) | ||
| Age group (yr) | 0.819 | ||||
| 19–39 | 239 | 210 (25.3) | 29 (5.6) | ||
| 40–59 | 764 | 464 (44.2) | 300 (52.5) | ||
| Over 60 | 908 | 515 (30.5) | 393 (41.9) | ||
| Household income quartile | <0.001 | ||||
| <25% | 296 | 180 (12.7) | 116 (14.4) | ||
| 25%–50% | 433 | 269 (21.4) | 164 (21.3) | ||
| 50%–75% | 540 | 335 (29.0) | 205 (28.4) | ||
| >75% | 642 | 405 (36.8) | 237 (35.9) | ||
| Highest diploma | <0.001 | ||||
| Primary school | 537 | 314 (22.1) | 223 (27.0) | ||
| Middle school | 246 | 138 (10.4) | 108 (13.7) | ||
| High school | 604 | 378 (32.3) | 226 (35.2) | ||
| >University | 524 | 359 (35.2) | 165 (24.1) | ||
| Alcohol drinking | 0.231 | ||||
| Never | 277 | 165 (11.7) | 112 (13.8) | ||
| Ever in lifetime | 1,634 | 1,024 (88.3) | 610 (86.2) | ||
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 1,139 | 779 (60.1) | 360 (45.3) | ||
| Ever in lifetime | 772 | 410 (39.9) | 362 (54.7) | ||
| Perceived health status | 0.909 | ||||
| Good | 540 | 337 (29.4) | 203 (28.4) | ||
| Ordinary | 1,035 | 637 (54.5) | 398 (54.9) | ||
| Bad | 336 | 215 (16.1) | 121 (16.7) | ||
| Hypertension | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 1,353 | 878 (79.7) | 475 (69.8) | ||
| Yes | 558 | 311 (20.3) | 247 (30.2) | ||
| Diabetes | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 1,708 | 1,088 (93.2) | 620 (88.4) | ||
| Yes | 203 | 101 (6.8) | 102 (11.6) | ||
| Tooth brushing (times per day) | 0.268 | ||||
| Once or none | 182 | 101 (8.7) | 81 (10.4) | ||
| Twice or more | 1,729 | 1,088 (91.3) | 641 (89.6) | ||
| Use of dental flossing | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 1,482 | 862 (70.4) | 620 (85.6) | ||
| Yes | 429 | 327 (29.6) | 102 (14.4) | ||
| Use of interproximal brush | 0.082 | ||||
| No | 1,435 | 878 (73.1) | 557 (77.6) | ||
| Yes | 476 | 311 (26.9) | 165 (22.4) | ||
| Use of mouth rinse | 0.762 | ||||
| No | 1,290 | 798 (66.5) | 492 (65.8) | ||
| Yes | 621 | 391 (33.5) | 230 (34.2) | ||
| Dental clinic visitc) | 0.960 | ||||
| No | 1,089 | 672 (55.9) | 417 (56.0) | ||
| Yes | 822 | 517 (44.1) | 305 (44.0) | ||
| Chewing problems | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 1,467 | 957 (82.2) | 510 (72.5) | ||
| Yes | 444 | 232 (17.8) | 212 (27.5) | ||
| Perceived oral health status | <0.001 | ||||
| Good | 229 | 158 (13.4) | 71 (8.2) | ||
| Ordinary | 697 | 456 (37.0) | 241 (32.9) | ||
| Bad | 985 | 575 (49.5) | 410 (58.8) | ||
Values are presented as weighted percentages.
CPI: Community Periodontal Index.
a)CPI 0–2; b)CPI of 3 or over; c)Dental clinic visit: experience of visiting a dental clinic during the past year.