Table 9.

Barriers to the success of different financial incentives.

Barrier/Anti-incentive	Description	Ref.
Split incentives	Particularly important in rental housings where interests of two parties conflict and neither the landlord (due to low ROI) nor the tenant (high initial costs) wants to invest in energy efficiency upgrade	[119,[196], [197], [198]]
Weak incentives	Lack of attractive amount of incentive and connection between the government budget and the energy target needed to be achieved by FIs	[9,11,197,199]
Time of implementation	Application of FIs at wrong time	[200]
Negative impacts of FIs interaction	Mitigating impacts are negative interaction between two policy instruments that result in reduced savings	[[201], [202], [203], [204]]
Behavioral impacts	-Low priority towards energy efficiency (Low resource consumption culture present in most developed countries makes it difficult for FIs to be successful) -Free riders (Free-riders are consumers who would have performed energy upgrade regardless of introduction of FIs.) -Non-takers (Non-takers are consumers who do not perform energy upgrade even with the introduction of FIs) -Rebound effect (Rebound effect results in less energy savings compared to expected due to introduction of FIs and is a source of energy efficiency gap)	[11,21,145,148,163,169,175,191,199]
Other Barriers	-Tax exemptions -High initial investment -Long payback periods -Transaction costs -Limited incentives for large buildings -Lack of information (Awareness of targeted end-users about the process of acquiring FIs) -Lack of technical expertise	[9,11,21,191,197,199,205,206]