Table 3.
Median, Range, Mean and Standard Deviation for the Total Questionnaire, The Five Dimensions and the Items (T-TPQ) (n = 450)
| Median | Range | Mean | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total questionnaire | 3.74 | 1.5–4.9 | 3.75 | 0.58 |
| Team Structure dimension | 3.86 | 1.4–5.0 | 3.79 | 0.77 |
| 1. The skills of staff overlap sufficiently so that work can be shared when necessary. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.74 | 1.07 |
| 2. Staff are held accountable for their actions. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.94 | 1.02 |
| 3. Staff within my unit share information that enables timely decision-making by the direct patient care team. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.97 | 0.94 |
| 4. My unit makes efficient use of resources (eg staff supplies, equipment, information). | 4 | 1–5 | 3.66 | 1.09 |
| 5. Staff understand their roles and responsibilities. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.99 | 0.97 |
| 6. My unit has clearly articulated goals. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.67 | 1.11 |
| 7. My unit operates at a high level of efficiency. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.55 | 1.12 |
| Leadership dimension | 3.71 | 1–5 | 3.56 | 0.99 |
| 8. My supervisor/manager considers staff input when making decisions about patient care. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.78 | 1.15 |
| 9. My supervisor/manager provides opportunities to discuss the unit’s performance after an event. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.80 | 1.16 |
| 10. My supervisor/manager takes time to meet with staff to develop a plan for patient care. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.67 | 1.22 |
| 11. My supervisor/manager ensures that adequate resources (eg staff, supplies, equipment, information) are available. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.38 | 1.23 |
| 12. My supervisor/manager resolves conflicts successfully. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.08 | 1.26 |
| 13. My supervisor/manager models appropriate team behavior. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.37 | 1.26 |
| 14. My supervisor/manager ensures that staff are aware of any situations or changes that may affect patient care. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.82 | 1.09 |
| Situational Monitoring dimension | 3.86 | 1.43–5.0 | 3.80 | 0.68 |
| 15. Staff effectively anticipate each other’s needs. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.58 | 0.92 |
| 16. Staff monitor each other’s performance. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.61 | 0.95 |
| 17. Staff exchange relevant information as it becomes available. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.99 | 0.87 |
| 18. Staff continuously scan the environment for important information. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.93 | 0.89 |
| 19. Staff share information regarding potential complications (eg patient changes, bed available). | 4 | 1–5 | 4.11 | 0.81 |
| 20. Staff meets to reevaluate patient care goals when aspects of the situation have changed. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.72 | 0.98 |
| 21. Staff correct each other’s mistakes to ensure that procedures are followed properly. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.66 | 0.94 |
| Mutual Support dimension | 3.71 | 1.6–5.0 | 3.74 | 0.68 |
| 22. Staff assist fellow staff during high workload. | 4 | 1–5 | 4.22 | 0.90 |
| 23. Staff request assistance from fellow staff when they feel overwhelmed. | 4 | 1–5 | 4.14 | 0.88 |
| 24. Staff caution each other about potentially dangerous situations. | 4 | 1–5 | 4.03 | 0.87 |
| 25. Feedback between staff is delivered in a way that promotes positive interactions and future change. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.50 | 1.04 |
| 26. Staff advocate for patients even when their opinion conflicts with that of a senior member of the unit. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.52 | 0.92 |
| 27. When staff have a concern about patient safety, they challenge others until they are sure the concern has been heard. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.78 | 1.00 |
| 28. Staff resolve their conflicts, even when the conflicts have become personal. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.01 | 1.01 |
| Communication dimension | 3.86 | 1.7–5.0 | 3.83 | 0.62 |
| 29. Information regarding patient care is explained to patients and their families in lay terms. | 4 | 2–5 | 4.04 | 0.84 |
| 30. Staff relay relevant information in a timely manner. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.95 | 0.81 |
| 31. When communicating with patients, staff allow enough time for questions. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.55 | 1.04 |
| 32. Staff use common terminology when communicating with each other. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.99 | 0.86 |
| 33. Staff verbally verify information that they receive from one another. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.58 | 0.97 |
| 34. Staff follow a standardized method of sharing information when handling off patients. | 4 | 1–5 | 3.53 | 1.12 |
| 35. Staff seek information from available sources. | 4 | 1–5 | 4.20 | 0.87 |
Notes: Scale: from 1 = strongly disagree with the statement to 5 = strongly agree with the statement. Reproduced from Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ) & Manual. Team Strategies &Tools to Enhance Performance & Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS®) 2.0. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Rockville, Maryland USA. March 2014. Available from: https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/instructor/tools.html.40