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. 2020 Aug 18;14:3363–3372. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S241410

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© 2020 Mei et al.

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Effect of cinnamaldehyde on the immunosuppressive function of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). (A) CAFs were treated with 0, 0.8, 1.6, or 2.4 μM cinnamaldehyde for 24 h. The supernatant containing cinnamaldehyde was discarded and replaced with fresh medium. After culturing for an additional 24 h, the supernatant was used immediately or stored at −80°C. (B and C) Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled spleen cells were stimulated with or without concanavalin A (ConA) and CAF supernatant. The ratio of T cell proliferation was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cinnamaldehyde suppressed CAF T-cell inhibition both in CD4⁺ T cells (B) and CD8⁺ T cells (C). (D and E) Quantitative results. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits the immunosuppressive function of CAFs in a concentration-dependent manner. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.