Table 3.
Past-Year Online Gamblers Defined as Problem Gamblers (PGSI >7, N=132)
| Women (n=52), % (n) | Men (n=80), % (n) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective over-indebtedness, past-year | 46 (24) | 38 (30) | 0.32 |
| Subjective future over-indebtedness, next two months | 40 (21) | 29 (23) | 0.17 |
| Debt to enforcement authority, past-year | 27 (14) | 20 (16) | 0.35 |
| Debt to collection services, past-year | 33 (17) | 28 (22) | 0.52 |
| Psychological distress, severe | 44 (23) | 25 (20) | 0.02 |
| Kessler-6, score | 17.5 (15–22.75) | 15 (12–18.75) | <0.01 |
| Alcohol problem | 19 (10) | 18 (14) | 0.80 |
| Tobacco use | 65 (33) | 65 (51) | 0.94a |
| Drug problem | 15 (8) | 14 (11) | 0.79 |
| PGSI | 12 (10–18) | 11 (9–16) | 0.21 |
| Post-high school education | 63 (33) | 53 (42) | 0.21 |
| Age | 0.22b | ||
| 18–24 yrs | 15 (8) | 11 (9) | |
| 25–29 yrs | 23 (12) | 15 (12) | |
| 30–39 yrs | 33 (17) | 30 (24) | |
| 40–49 yrs | 12 (6) | 29 (23) | |
| 50–59 yrs | 15 (8) | 11 (9) | |
| 60–69 yrs | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | |
| 70+ yrs | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Monthly income (SEK) | 0.43b | ||
| <10,000 | 12 (6) | 8 (6) | |
| 10,000–15,000 | 6 (3) | 10 (8) | |
| 15,000–20,000 | 13 (7) | 8 (6) | |
| 20,000–25,000 | 10 (5) | 10 (8) | |
| 25,000–30,000 | 19 (10) | 18 (14) | |
| 30,000–35,000 | 17 (9) | 15 (12) | |
| 35,000–40,000 | 2 (1) | 6 (5) | |
| 40,000–45,000 | 6 (3) | 9 (7) | |
| 45,000–50,000 | 4 (2) | 6 (5) | |
| >50,000 | 12 (6) | 11 (9) | |
| Online casino, past 30 days | 85 (44) | 79 (63) | 0.40 |
| Sports, live betting | 58 (30) | 76 (61) | 0.02 |
| Sports, non-live betting | 60 (31) | 36 (29) | 0.01 |
| Land-based casino | 54 (28) | 30 (24) | 0.01 |
| Horse racing – online | 42 (22) | 50 (40) | 0.39 |
| Horse racing – land-based | 42 (22) | 39 (31) | 0.68 |
| Online poker | 50 (26) | 45 (36) | 0.57 |
| Poker – land-based | 38 (20) | 31 (25) | 0.39 |
| Electronic gambling machines – land-based | 37 (19) | 43 (34) | 0.49 |
| Bingo online | 50 (26) | 39 (31) | 0.20 |
| Past-30-day gambling losses (SEK) | <0.01b | ||
| <50 | 8 (4) | 4 (3) | |
| 50–100 | 8 (4) | 1(1) | |
| 100–200 | 8 (4) | 4 (3) | |
| 200–400 | 8 (4) | 8 (6) | |
| 400–600 | 17 (9) | 14 (11) | |
| 600–1000 | 10 (5) | 10 (8) | |
| 1000–2000 | 15 (8) | 20 (16) | |
| 2000–5000 | 17 (9) | 9 (7) | |
| 5000–10,000 | 4 (2) | 10 (8) | |
| >10,000 | 6 (3) | 21 (17) |
Notes: an = 129 (three individuals excluded because of response “prefer not to answer”). bchi-2, linear-by-linear association.
Abbreviations: PGSI, Problem Gambling Severity Index (Wynne and Ferris, 2001); SEK, Swedish Krona (local currency).