FIGURE 3.

Inducing effects of coffee and caffeic acid (CA) + caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) treatment on UGT1A mRNA and protein expression. (a,b) UGT1A mRNA expression was highly up‐regulated by coffee and CA + CAPE pretreatment in the liver (a) and the colon (b) of htgUGT1A‐WT and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mice. Columns represent mean ± SD from five individual mice. Significance of irinotecan group was determined in comparison to NaCl group; coffee group was compared to irinotecan group; CA + CAPE group was compared to irinotecan + vehicle group. Values for htgUGT1A‐WT mice refer to the left y‐axis; values for htgUGT1A‐SNP mice refer to the right y‐axis (colon). (c) Induction of UGT1A protein expression in irinotecan‐injected htgUGT1A mice pretreated with coffee or CA + CAPE. Western blot analysis for each treatment group (using five individual mice [n = 5] of every treatment group) was performed. A representative Western blot is shown. Data were quantitatively assessed and additionally depicted in graphs. Values represent mean ± SD. Iri, Irinotecan; c, coffee; v, vehicle; *P < 0.05; n.s., non‐significant