Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants, by Sexual Minority Status
| Total (n = 2637) | Non-SM (n = 2384) | SM (n = 253) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 46.2 (13.4) | 47.0 (13.1) | 38.3 (12.8) | <.001 |
| Male | 546 (21%) | 468 (20%) | 78 (31%) | <.001 |
| White | 1914 (73%) | 1764 (74%) | 150 (59%) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 222 (8%) | 186 (8%) | 36 (14%) | <.001 |
| In a long-term committed relationship | 1639 (62%) | 1486 (62%) | 153 (60%) | .609 |
| Working | 1381 (52%) | 1250 (52%) | 131 (52%) | .895 |
| HS or less education | 735 (28%) | 677 (28%) | 58 (23%) | .076 |
| Low income | 737 (28%) | 640 (27%) | 97 (38%) | <.001 |
| Mental health | ||||
| Current depression symptoms (CES-D) | 1470 (56%), n = 2622 | 1302 (55%), n = 2370 | 168 (67%), n = 252 | <.001 |
| Current anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) | 903 (34%), n = 2623 | 788 (33%), n = 2373 | 115 (46%), n = 250 | <.001 |
| Current panic disorder symptoms (ANSQ) | 1145 (48%), n = 2364 | 1006 (47%), n = 2129 | 139 (59%), n = 235 | <.001 |
| Current PTSD symptoms (PCL-6) | 1383 (53%), n = 2628 | 1224 (51%), n = 2377 | 159 (63%), n = 251 | <.001 |
| Current social anxiety symptoms (mini-SPIN) | 797 (30%), n = 2630 | 704 (30%), n = 2377 | 93 (37%), n = 253 | .023 |
| Heavy drinker (on AUDIT-C) | 282 (11%), n = 2573 | 236 (10%), n = 2325 | 46 (19%), n = 248 | <.001 |
| Self-reported depression | 711 (27%) | 623 (26%) | 88 (35%) | .004 |
| Self-reported anxiety | 667 (25%) | 577 (24%) | 90 (36%) | <.001 |
| Self-reported bipolar disorder or schizophrenia | 227 (9%) | 178 (7%) | 49 (19%) | <.001 |
| Self-reported alcohol or drug abuse | 157 (6%) | 123 (5%) | 34 (13%) | <.001 |
| Self-reported no mental health conditions | 1566 (59%) | 1444 (61%) | 122 (48%) | <.001 |
| Smoking behavior | ||||
| FTND score, mean (SD) | 5.6 (2.2) | 5.6 (2.2) | 5.5 (2.3) | .297 |
| Smokes >1 pack per day | 873 (33%) | 803 (34%) | 70 (28%) | .063 |
| Used e-cigarettes at least once in past month | 909 (34%) | 819 (34%) | 90 (36%) | .750 |
| Quit attempts in past 12 mo, mean (SD) | 1.7 (5.0), n = 2511 | 1.7 (5.1), n = 2277 | 1.5 (3.3), n = 234 | .564 |
| Commitment to quitting (CQS) | 4.0 (0.8), n = 2628 | 4.0 (0.8), n = 2375 | 4.0 (0.8), n = 253 | .708 |
| Acceptance of physical triggers (AIS) | 3.0 (0.5), n = 2603 | 3.0 (0.5), n = 2352 | 2.9 (0.5), n = 251 | .176 |
| Friend and partner smoking | ||||
| Close friends who smoke, mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.6) | 2.2 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.6) | .084 |
| Adults in home who smoke, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | .019 |
| Live with partner who smokes | 780 (30%) | 694 (29%) | 86 (34%) | .122 |
p values based on chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables.
AIS = Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale; ANSQ = Autonomic Nervous System Questionnaire; AUDIT-C = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CQS = Commitment to Quitting Scale; e-cigarette = electronic cigarette; FTND = Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; HS = high school; Mini-SPIN = Mini Social Phobia Inventory; PCL-6 = PTSD Checklist; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; SM = sexual minority.