Table 3.
Impact of Looming Vulnerability Induction
| Time 1 | Time 2 | RM ANOVA time × condition F (p) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Looming (n = 146) | Neutral (n = 132) | Looming (n = 128) | Neutral (n = 118) | |||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Past month average daily smoking rate | — | 15.88 (6.33) | 17.42 (9.71) | 13.52 (6.78) | 14.84 (11.63) | 0.02 (.88) |
| Contemplation Ladder | — | 6.41 (2.67) | 6.07 (2.67) | 6.45 (2.80) | 5.96 (2.64) | 0.17 (.68) |
| Positive smoking outcome expectancies | — | 5.16 (1.33) | 4.87 (1.56) | 5.05 (1.57) | 4.86 (1.31) | 0.54 (.46) |
| Negative smoking outcome expectancies | — | 5.63 (1.25) | 5.56 (1.34) | 5.60 (1.40) | 5.65 (1.33) | 0.81 (.37) |
| Smoking self-efficacy | — | 56.58 (23.74) | 57.72 (20.66) | 58.29 (27.88) | 54.34 (26.70) | 1.72 (.19) |
ANOVA = analysis of variance; RM = Repeated Measures.