TABLE 1.
Univariable associations between early and mid‐life factors (at baseline) and MCI subtypes
| Total sample | Intact (n = 234) | aMCI (n = 29) | naMCI (n = 24) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | Missing | Observed range | n (%) | Observed range | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | Observed range | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P |
| Early‐life factors | |||||||||||
| Age (y) a | 0 | 60‐85 | 65.62(5.49) | 60‐80 | 67.97(6.37) | 1.45(1.02, 2.05) | .037 | 60‐81 | 66.63(5.74) | 1.19(0.79‐1.78) | .403 |
| Male | 0 | ‐ | 88(38) | ‐ | 13(45) | 1.32(0.61‐2.88) | .480 | ‐ | 8(33) | 0.82(0.34‐1.98) | .651 |
| Grew up | 2 | ||||||||||
| Major city | ‐ | ‐ | 76(33) | ‐ | 8(28) | ‐ | REF | ‐ | 6(25) | ‐ | REF |
| Regional/remote | ‐ | ‐ | 155(67) | ‐ | 21(72) | 1.28(0.54‐3.02) | .575 | ‐ | 18(75) | 1.46(0.56‐3.83) | .440 |
| Parent(s) died | 2 | ‐ | 50(22) | ‐ | 8(28) | 1.46(0.61‐3.52) | .395 | ‐ | 5(21) | 0.96(0.34‐2.71) | .943 |
| Removed from family | 6 | ‐ | 24(11) | ‐ | 4(14) | 1.36(0.44‐4.24) | .596 | ‐ | 1(4) | 0.37(0.05‐2.86) | .340 |
| CTQ score a | 22 | 25‐104 | 36.52(15.92) | 25‐54 | 32.07(8.23) | 0.64(0.34‐1.23) | .181 | 25‐80 | 33.57(13.71) | 0.80(0.47‐1.36) | .406 |
| Education | 1 | ||||||||||
| Primary or less | ‐ | ‐ | 38(16) | ‐ | 18(65) | ‐ | REF | ‐ | 16(67) | ‐ | REF |
| Secondary or higher | ‐ | ‐ | 196(84) | ‐ | 10(35) | 2.87(1.23,6.69) | .015 | ‐ | 8(33) | 2.58(1.03, 6.45) | .043 |
| RICE community a | 1 | 9‐40 | 24.23(6.46) | 15‐35 | 23.72(5.17) | 0.92(0.61‐1.38) | .683 | 9‐36 | 21.50(5.95) | 0.64(0.41, 1.00) | .050 |
| RICE traditional a | 2 | 5‐25 | 7.82(3.38) | 4‐19 | 8.31(3.32) | 1.15(0.79‐1.69) | .463 | 4‐24 | 7.88(5.25) | 1.02(0.67‐1.53) | .941 |
| RICE intellectual a | 15 | 5‐25 | 13.94(5.24) | 5‐25 | 12.32(5.21) | 0.72(0.48‐1.10) | .126 | 5‐23 | 12.27(4.48) | 0.72(0.45‐1.14) | .160 |
| Mid‐life factors | |||||||||||
| History of head injury | 9 | ‐ | 54(24) | ‐ | 13(45) | 2.57(1.16,5.69) | .020 | ‐ | 6(25) | 1.06(0.40‐2.79) | .913 |
| History of epilepsy | 12 | ‐ | 11(5) | ‐ | 4(14) | 3.08(0.91‐10.42) | .070 | ‐ | 2(8) | 1.84(0.38‐8.84) | .449 |
| History of stroke | 10 | ‐ | 37(17) | ‐ | 9(31) | 2.27(0.96‐5.39) | .062 | ‐ | 8(33) | 2.53(1.01, 6.34) | .048 |
| Cardiovascular index a | 19 | 0‐4 | 1.95(1.19) | 0‐4 | 1.96(1.37) | 1.01(0.68‐1.50) | .971 | 0‐4 | 2.04(1.22) | 1.08(0.69‐1.68) | .733 |
| History of anxiety/PTSD | 12 | ‐ | 70(32) | ‐ | 11(38) | 1.33(0.60‐2.96) | .489 | ‐ | 8(33) | 1.09(0.44‐2.66) | .857 |
| History of depression | 11 | ‐ | 74(33) | ‐ | 11(38) | 1.21(0.54‐2.68) | .646 | ‐ | 8(33) | 0.99(0.40‐2.41) | .976 |
| Past alcohol use | 14 | ||||||||||
| Abstinent | ‐ | ‐ | 60(27) | ‐ | 10(35) | ‐ | REF | ‐ | 10(42) | ‐ | REF |
| Low risk | ‐ | ‐ | 63(29) | ‐ | 9(31) | 0.86(0.33‐2.26) | .755 | ‐ | 6(25) | 0.57(0.20‐1.67) | .306 |
| High risk | ‐ | ‐ | 97(44) | ‐ | 10(35) | 0.62(0.24‐1.57) | .313 | ‐ | 8(33) | 0.50(0.19‐1.32) | .161 |
| Smoking pack years a | 14 | 0‐255 | 24.95(33.63) | 0‐125 | 25.18(30.99) | 1.01(0.67‐1.51) | .973 | 0‐176 | 25.54(42.81) | 1.02(0.67‐1.54) | .936 |
| Unskilled work | 12 | ‐ | 70(31) | ‐ | 11(41) | 1.51(0.67‐3.43) | .321 | ‐ | 16(67) | 4.40(1.80‐ 10.76) | .001 |
Abbreviations: aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; CI, confidence interval; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; naMCI, non‐amnestic mild cognitive impairment; OR, odds ratio; PTSD, post‐traumatic stress disorder; RICE, Retrospective Indigenous Childhood Enrichment scale; SD, standard deviation.
Notes: Values in bold correspond to risk factors (RFs) that were significant at a level <0.1 and entered into the final stepwise models. Standardized scores for continuous predictor variables were used, whereby odds ratios correspond to an increased risk in the criterion associated with a 1‐SD increase in the predictor.
Continuous variables, mean, standard deviation, and observed range reported.