Appendix 1.
Descriptive data for exposures
| N (%) | Mean (s.d.) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mother's age at child's birth | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.01) | – |
| Valid | 14 450 (99.99) | 28.66 (5.87) |
| Child's sex | ||
| Male | 7388 (51.12) | |
| Female | 7064 (48.88) | |
| First child | ||
| Not first child | 8458 (58.52) | |
| First child | 5994 (41.48) | |
| Household language | ||
| Missing | 67 (0.46) | |
| English only | 12 267 (84.88) | |
| Any other language spoken | 2118 (14.66) | |
| Household income | ||
| Missing | 38 (0.26) | |
| Lowest quintile | 3235 (22.38) | |
| Second quintile | 3113 (21.54) | |
| Third quintile | 2799 (19.37) | |
| Fourth quintile | 2728 (18.88) | |
| Fifth quintile | 2539 (17.57) | |
| Maternal education | ||
| Missing | 21 (0.15) | |
| None of below | 2055 (14.22) | |
| Overseas quality only | 384 (2.66) | |
| NVQ level 1 | 1193 (8.25) | |
| NVQ level 2 | 4174 (28.88) | |
| NVQ level 3 | 2097 (14.51) | |
| NVQ level 4 | 4015 (27.78) | |
| NVQ level 5 | 513 (3.55) | |
| Maternal occupation | ||
| Missing | 71 (0.49) | |
| Not in work/on leave | 7288 (50.43) | |
| Semi-routine and routine | 1860 (12.87) | |
| Lower supervisory and technical | 362 (2.50) | |
| Small employers and self-employed | 351 (2.43) | |
| Intermediate | 1539 (10.65) | |
| Managerial and professional | 2981 (20.63) | |
| Mother's reading | ||
| Missing | 68 (0.47) | |
| Every day | 8279 (57.29) | |
| Several times a week | 2769 (19.16) | |
| Once or twice a week | 2233 (15.45) | |
| Once or twice a month | 374 (2.59) | |
| Less often | 288 (1.99) | |
| Not at all | 441 (3.05) | |
| Anyone else reading | ||
| Missing | 68 (0.47) | |
| Yes | 12 196 (84.39) | |
| No | 2188 (15.14) | |
| Helping with sports | ||
| Missing | 68 (0.47) | |
| Yes | 11 349 (78.53) | |
| No | 3035 (21.00) | |
| Taking to the library | ||
| Missing | 68 (0.47) | |
| Do not | 8554 (59.19) | |
| On special occasions | 1327 (9.18) | |
| Once a month | 2416 (16.72) | |
| Once a fortnight | 1084 (7.50) | |
| Once a week | 1003 (6.94) | |
| Helping with alphabet | ||
| Missing | 69 (0.48) | |
| Do not | 2766 (19.14) | |
| Occasionally/less than once a week | 1810 (12.52) | |
| 1–2 days per week | 3128 (21.64) | |
| 3 times a week | 1795 (12.42) | |
| 4 times a week | 1073 (7.42) | |
| 5 times a week | 706 (4.89) | |
| 6 times a week | 343 (2.37) | |
| 7 times a week/constantly | 2762 (19.11) | |
| Helping with counting | ||
| Missing | 69 (0.48) | |
| Do not | 547 (3.78) | |
| Occasionally/less than once a week | 752 (5.20) | |
| 1–2 days per week | 1949 (13.49) | |
| 3 times a week | 1540 (10.66) | |
| 4 times a week | 1129 (7.81) | |
| 5 times a week | 936 (6.48) | |
| 6 times a week | 605 (4.19) | |
| 7 times a week/constantly | 6925 (47.92) | |
| Teaching songs | ||
| Missing | 69 (0.48) | |
| Do not | 665 (4.60) | |
| Occasionally/less than once a week | 560 (3.87) | |
| 1–2 days per week | 1512 (10.46) | |
| 3 times a week | 1316 (9.11) | |
| 4 times a week | 1097 (7.59) | |
| 5 times a week | 1008 (6.97) | |
| 6 times a week | 617 (4.27) | |
| 7 times a week/constantly | 7608 (52.64) | |
| Child drawing | ||
| Missing | 69 (0.48) | |
| Do not | 286 (1.98) | |
| Occasionally/less than once a week | 566 (3.92) | |
| 1–2 days per week | 2042 (14.13) | |
| 3 times a week | 1716 (11.87) | |
| 4 times a week | 1434 (9.92) | |
| 5 times a week | 1227 (8.49) | |
| 6 times a week | 801 (5.54) | |
| 7 times a week/constantly | 6311 (43.67) | |
| Regular bed times | ||
| Missing | 68 (0.47) | |
| Never/almost never | 1112 (7.69) | |
| Sometimes | 1988 (13.76) | |
| Usually | 5417 (37.48) | |
| Always | 5867 (40.60) | |
| Regular meal times | ||
| Missing | 68 (0.47) | |
| Never/almost never | 306 (2.12) | |
| Sometimes | 1083 (7.49) | |
| Usually | 6166 (42.67) | |
| Always | 6829 (47.25) | |
| Family rules | ||
| Missing | 69 (0.48) | |
| Lots of rules | 4201 (29.07) | |
| Not many rules | 6292 (43.54) | |
| It varies | 3890 (26.92) | |
| Enforcement of rules | ||
| Missing | 69 (0.48) | |
| Strictly enforced | 6601 (45.68) | |
| Not very strictly enforced | 3806 (26.34) | |
| It varies | 3976 (27.51) | |
| Parenting competence | ||
| Missing | 1619 (11.20) | |
| Not very good | 36 (0.25) | |
| Have some trouble being a parent | 371 (2.57) | |
| Average parent | 4844 (33.52) | |
| Better than average parent | 3290 (22.77) | |
| Very good parent | 4292 (29.70) | |
| K6 score | ||
| Missing | 1511 (10.46) | – |
| Valid | 12 941 (89.54) | 3.25 (3.74) |
| CPRS | ||
| Missing | 1649 (11.41) | – |
| Valid | 12 803 (88.59) | 64.20 (7.05) |
| HOME inventory | ||
| Missing | 1892 (13.09) | – |
| Valid | 12 560 (86.91) | 9.65 (1.07) |
| Discipline strategy | ||
| Missing | 2868 (19.85) | – |
| Valid | 11 584 (80.15) | 19.98 (5.00) |