Table 2.

Comparison of bipolar patients, unaffected siblings of bipolar patients, and control subjects with respect to emotional intelligence.

MSCEIT subscale a	Group			Statistics
	(1) Patients (N = 54)	(2) Siblings (N = 54)	(3) Control subjects (N = 80)	One-way analysis of variance					Analysis of covariance with adjustment for education
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean	F	poverall	1 vs. 2	1 vs. 3	2 vs. 3	F	poverall	1 vs. 2	1 vs. 3	2 vs. 3
Perceiving emotions	98.0 ± 17.7	104.9 ± 11.7	103.5 ± 15.7	2.48	0.087	(0.051)	(0.052)	n.s.	2.29	0.104	(0.051)	(0.075)	n.s.
Using emotions	100.9 ± 18.5 b	105.1 ± 16.3	107.8 ± 13.2	2.89	0.058	n.s.	0.017	n.s.	1.78	0.171	n.s.	(0.054)	n.s.
Understanding emotions	89.8 ± 18.5 c	100.1 ± 17.2	100.4 ± 14.7	7.13	0.001	0.002	0.001	n.s.	4.86	0.009	0.004	0.013	n.s.
Managing emotions	93.1 ± 18.7 c	100.2 ± 17.8 b	106.4 ± 13.3	10.38	<0.001	0.029	<0.001	0.035	7.70	0.001	0.048	<0.001	(0.079)
Experiential EI	99.4 ± 17.7 c	105.9 ± 14.5	106.2 ± 15.2	3.09	0.048	0.043	0.021	n.s.	2.52	0.084	0.049	0.049	n.s.
Strategic EI	88.8 ± 20.5 c	99.9 ± 20.2	104.5 ± 14.3	12.09	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	n.s.	8.66	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	n.s.
MSCEIT total score	94.2 ± 19.4 c	104.2 ± 17.7	106.7 ± 15.1	8.87	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	n.s.	6.50	0.002	0.004	<0.001	n.s.

Abbreviations: EI, emotional intelligence; MSCEIT, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test; N, sample size; n.s., nonsignificant (p > 0.10); SD, standard deviation.

^aAll MSCEIT (sub-)scales were subjected to a square-root transformation prior to statistical testing to obtain approximate normality.

^bSignificantly lower than in the two other groups, p < 0.05.

^cSignificantly lower than in the control group, p < 0.05 (after adjustment for education, only trend-level significance is retained, p < 0.10).