Table 2.
Linguistic features of the sample.
| Language variable | CHR individuals (N = 46) | Healthy individuals (N = 22) |
|---|---|---|
| Volume of speech | ||
| Sentence length, mean | 13.52 (2.85) | 13.14 (3.92) |
| Sentence length, standard deviation | 10.17 (2.58) | 10.05 (2.89) |
| Sentence length, maximum | 63.43 (18.11) | 66.86 (15.6) |
| Semantic properties | ||
| Semantic coherence, mean | 0.81 (0.04) | 0.79 (0.05) |
| Semantic coherence, standard deviation | 0.18 (0.03) | 0.19 (0.03) |
| Semantic coherence, minimum | 0.02 (0.18) | −0.03 (0.17) |
| Semantic coherence, maximum | 0.99 (0.01) | 1 (0.01) |
| Parts of speech-tagging | ||
| Coordinating conjunction | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) |
| Cardinal number | 0.01 (0.003) | 0.01 (0.003) |
| Determiner | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) |
| Existential there | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.001) |
| Preposition or subordinating conjunction | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) |
| Adjective | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) |
| Adjective, comparative | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.002 (0.001) |
| Adjective, superlative | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Modal verb | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.01 (0.003) |
| Noun, singular or mass | 0.08 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) |
| Noun, plural | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Proper noun, singular | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Predeterminer | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Possessive ending | 0.0003 (0.0003) | 0.0005 (0.0005) |
| Personal pronoun | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.1 (0.01) |
| Possessive pronoun | 0.01 (0.003) | 0.01 (0.003) |
| Adverb | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.01) |
| Adverb, comparative | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Adverb, superlative | 0.0002 (0.0003) | 0.0002 (0.0002) |
| Particle | 0.004 (0.001) | 0.004 (0.001) |
| “To” | 0.02 (0.004) | 0.02 (0.003) |
| Interjection | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.03) |
| Verb, base form | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) |
| Verb, past tense | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) |
| Verb, gerund or present participle | 0.02 (0.005) | 0.02 (0.004) |
| Verb, past participle | 0.01 (0.003) | 0.01 (0.003) |
| Verb, non-third person singular present | 0.05 (0.013) | 0.04 (0.01) |
| Verb, third person singular present | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) |
| Wh-determiner | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.003 (0.001) |
| Wh-pronoun | 0.01 (0.003) | 0.01 (0.002) |
| Wh-adverb | 0.01 (0.002) | 0.01 (0.002) |
Variables are shown as mean (standard deviation).
Abbreviation: CHR, clinical high risk; detailed definition of each variable is provided in Supplementary Table S3.