Table 1.
The incident cases and ASR of drug use disorders in 1990 and 2017, and the temporal trends of ASR from 1990 to 2017
| Characteristics | 1990 | 2017 | 1990–2017 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident cases No. × 103 (95% UI) | ASR per 100 000 No. (95% UI) | Incident cases No.×103 (95% UI) | ASR per 100 000 No. (95% UI) | EAPC No.(95% CI) | |
| Overall | 5762.96 (5132.05–6500.79) | 100.24 (89.56–112.27) | 7693.39 (6880.21–8628.55) | 100.22 (89.45–112.58) | −0.04 (−0.06–−0.01) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 3531.45 (3132.99–3993.69) | 120.65 (107.53–135.25) | 4714.36 (4208.06–5307.43) | 121.71 (108.62–137.17) | −0.01 (−0.04–0.01) |
| Female | 2231.52 (1982.06–2525.61) | 79.24 (70.71–89.18) | 2979.04 (2658.51–3342.26) | 77.95 (69.54–87.59) | −0.09 (−0.11–−0.06) |
| Socio-demographic index | |||||
| Low | 472 (413.4–544.91) | 71.68 (63.42–81.45) | 1014.56 (887.73–1166.29) | 76.88 (68.07–87.23) | 0.22 (0.2–0.25) |
| Low-middle | 920.24 (809.86–1048.94) | 85.99 (76.17–96.99) | 1568.82 (1379.35–1782.64) | 87.17 (77.16–98.43) | 0.03 (0.01–0.06) |
| Middle | 1860.7 (1629.8–2123.03) | 105.83 (93.53–119.71) | 2104.81 (1871.08–2375.13) | 99.55 (88.16–113) | −0.32 (−0.38–−0.26) |
| Middle-high | 1320.53 (1166.45–1493.49) | 110.98 (98.57–125.03) | 1571.65 (1398.55–1757.52) | 119.82 (106.39–135.72) | 0.29 (0.27–0.3) |
| High | 1155.03 (1041.85–1293.83) | 126.27 (112.88–143.02) | 1401.47 (1273.32–1544.36) | 158.16 (142.28–177.59) | 0.76 (0.56–0.96) |
| Types of drug use disorders | |||||
| Amphetamine use disorders | 848.18 (618.91–1143.13) | 14.28 (10.55–19.07) | 887.24 (666.19–1170.17) | 11.75 (8.77–15.52) | −0.67 (−0.7–−0.64) |
| Cannabis use disorders | 1980.36 (1628.17–2497.02) | 34.01 (28.14–42.52) | 2460.7 (2061.03–3022.01) | 32.46 (27.08–40.05) | −0.16 (−0.23–−0.09) |
| Cocaine use disorders | 215.32 (185.1–252.62) | 3.53 (3.05–4.13) | 260.31 (227.94–301.56) | 3.49 (3.05–4.05) | −0.04 (−0.14–0.05) |
| Opioid use disorders | 2719.11 (2283.6–3218.71) | 48.42 (41.21–56.77) | 4085.15 (3463.56–4794.23) | 52.52 (44.5–61.78) | 0.21 (0.17–0.24) |
| Other drug use disorders | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | |
| Region | |||||
| Asia Pacific–high income | 174.37 (153.44–202.02) | 97.4 (84.82–113.73) | 149.72 (133.8–168.96) | 101.62 (88.64–118.21) | 0.16 (0.12–0.2) |
| Central Asia | 46.9 (41.62–53.01) | 65.59 (58.73–73.39) | 65.21 (58.27–72.87) | 70.25 (62.74–78.39) | 0.36 (0.31–0.4) |
| East Asia | 1887.75 (1650.33–2154.99) | 128.88 (113.18–146.18) | 1707.1 (1516.2–1931.51) | 124.27 (108.38–142.55) | −0.35 (−0.46–−0.24) |
| South Asia | 770.04 (666.04–895.11) | 70.08 (61.16–80.22) | 1389.95 (1213.49–1604.99) | 73.01 (63.84–83.54) | 0.17 (0.14–0.2) |
| Southeast Asia | 425.49 (361.86–504.74) | 81.23 (70.16–94.9) | 573.34 (494.36–664.01) | 83.62 (71.88–97.26) | 0.07 (0.04–0.09) |
| Australasia | 39.83 (36.37–43.73) | 197.22 (180.02–217.12) | 47.39 (43.11–51.99) | 199.27 (180.43–220.86) | −0.58 (−0.83–−0.34) |
| Caribbean | 36.29 (32.25–41.24) | 94.2 (84.23–105.94) | 44.32 (39.63–49.72) | 94.12 (83.93–106.3) | −0.06 (−0.07–−0.04) |
| Central Europe | 94.68 (84.94–105.39) | 77.67 (69.35–86.8) | 78.37 (71.78–85.53) | 80.33 (72.85–88.66) | 0.19 (0.1–0.28) |
| Eastern Europe | 210.63 (188.14–236.69) | 97.05 (86.3–110.23) | 183.34 (165.04–203.97) | 100.2 (88.94–113.6) | 0.27 (0.1–0.44) |
| Western Europe | 386.17 (348.4–432.32) | 110.31 (98.81–125.08) | 375.31 (342.81–411.45) | 113.62 (102.91–126.37) | 0.2 (0.08–0.33) |
| Andean Latin America | 32.7 (28.95–37.22) | 81.31 (72.49–91.3) | 54.07 (48.18–61.07) | 85.41 (76.21–96.14) | 0.26 (0.2–0.31) |
| Central Latin America | 169.07 (149.45–193.55) | 93.84 (84.26–105.26) | 269.83 (242.08–305.09) | 100.52 (90.33–113.6) | 0.3 (0.26–0.35) |
| Southern Latin America | 47.1 (42.35–52.48) | 92.18 (83.08–102.17) | 65.66 (59.65–72.62) | 102.82 (92.94–114.41) | 0.5 (0.42–0.59) |
| Tropical Latin America | 172.41 (151.66–197.98) | 103.2 (92.05–117.46) | 251.43 (226.12–281.96) | 111.85 (100.11–126.2) | 0.31 (0.28–0.34) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 467.2 (407.64–535.05) | 133.43 (116.92–151.68) | 978.27 (851.88–1120.22) | 154.87 (135.06–176.37) | 0.63 (0.59–0.67) |
| North America–high income | 447.43 (399.55–505.21) | 173.64 (154.01–198.12) | 702.92 (629.89–788.4) | 232.53 (206.47–263.96) | 0.84 (0.48–1.19) |
| Oceania | 6.77 (5.83–7.82) | 95.19 (83.12–108.43) | 13.35 (11.6–15.41) | 97.87 (85.74–111.89) | 0.09 (0.08–0.1) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 39.39 (34.6–44.96) | 74.04 (65.85–83.16) | 88.89 (77.81–102.27) | 73.68 (65.2–83.45) | −0.15 (−0.2–−0.1) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 128.13 (111.23–148.32) | 69.66 (61.77–79.01) | 288.07 (250.63–334.71) | 71.59 (63.18–81.17) | 0.03 (0–0.05) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 68.18 (59.62–78.09) | 118.82 (104.97–134.17) | 86.36 (75.91–98.39) | 105.06 (92.42–119.03) | −0.62 (−0.71–−0.54) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 112.44 (98.76–128.71) | 62.72 (55.75–70.69) | 280.48 (246.21–323.13) | 66.91 (59.21–75.72) | 0.16 (0.13–0.19) |
ASR, age-standardised incidence rate; CI, confidence interval; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; UI, uncertainty interval.