(A) Clonal diversity after the first vaccine immunization (variance in clonal breadth across all n = 1,000 GCs), conditioned on “success” in the second immunization (becoming a bnAb; clonal breadth >0.8). (B) Number of successful trajectories after the second immunization. (C–E) Mutational trajectories of individual clones across multiple vaccine immunizations and n = 1,000 GCs, for (C) a low TFL1, (D) an intermediate TFL1, and (E) a high TFL1. Corresponding points in frustration space are indicated on the top plots.