Table 1.
Descriptive data on cases, with natural language processing-derived physical victimisation in health records, and controls, with column percentages for each covariate
| Control group | Case group | Total | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||||
| 0–15, n | 11 261 | 1292 | 12 554 | ||
| 0–15, % | 15.61 | 17.91 | 15.82 | ||
| 16–24, n | 11 780 | 1534 | 13 314 | ||
| 16–24, % | 16.33 | 21.27 | 16.78 | ||
| 25–35, n | 15 769 | 1796 | 17 565 | ||
| 25–35, % | 21.86 | 24.90 | 22.14 | ||
| 36–50, n | 15 840 | 1709 | 17 549 | ||
| 36–50, % | 21.96 | 23.69 | 22.12 | ||
| ≥51, n | 17 410 | 878 | 18 288 | ||
| ≥51, % | 24.14 | 12.17 | 23.05 | 560.60 | <0.001 |
| Missing, n | 70 | 3 | 73 | ||
| Missing, % | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.09 | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Women, n | 36 510 | 3036 | 39 546 | ||
| Women, % | 50.62 | 42.09 | 49.84 | ||
| Men, n | 35 600 | 4177 | 39 777 | ||
| Men, % | 49.36 | 57.91 | 50.13 | 191.30 | <0.001 |
| Missing, n | 20 | 0 | 20 | ||
| Missing, % | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | ||
| Ethnic group | |||||
| White, n | 37 156 | 3722 | 40 878 | ||
| White, % | 51.51 | 51.60 | 51.52 | ||
| Mixed, n | 1751 | 337 | 2088 | ||
| Mixed, % | 2.43 | 4.67 | 2.63 | ||
| Asian, n | 2665 | 296 | 2961 | ||
| Asian, % | 3.69 | 4.10 | 3.73 | ||
| Black, n | 10 483 | 2162 | 12 645 | ||
| Black, % | 14.53 | 29.97 | 15.94 | ||
| Other, n | 4453 | 416 | 4869 | ||
| Other, % | 6.17 | 5.77 | 6.14 | 723.36 | <0.001 |
| Missing, n | 15 622 | 280 | 15 902 | ||
| Missing, % | 21.66 | 3.88 | 20.04 | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single, n | 32 499 | 4906 | 37 405 | ||
| Single, % | 45.06 | 68.02 | 47.14 | ||
| Married or cohabiting, n | 10 320 | 764 | 11 084 | ||
| Married or cohabiting, % | 14.31 | 10.59 | 13.97 | ||
| Divorced or separated, n | 4143 | 571 | 4714 | ||
| Divorced or separated, % | 5.74 | 7.92 | 5.94 | ||
| Widowed, n | 3692 | 190 | 3882 | ||
| Widowed, % | 5.12 | 2.63 | 4.89 | 501.14 | <0.001 |
| Missing, n | 21 476 | 782 | 22 258 | ||
| Missing, % | 29.77 | 10.84 | 28.05 | ||
| Primary ICD-10 diagnosis | |||||
| F0–9: Organic mental disorders, n | 4474 | 222 | 4696 | ||
| F0–9: Organic mental disorders, % | 6.20 | 3.08 | 5.92 | ||
| F10–19: Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use, n | 5647 | 523 | 6170 | ||
| F10–19: Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use, % | 7.83 | 7.25 | 7.78 | ||
| F20–29: Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, n | 3458 | 1472 | 4930 | ||
| F20–29: Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, % | 4.79 | 20.41 | 6.21 | ||
| F30–39: Mood (affective) disorders, n | 8647 | 1177 | 9824 | ||
| F30–39: Mood (affective) disorders, % | 11.99 | 16.32 | 12.38 | ||
| F40–49: Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders, n | 6541 | 619 | 7160 | ||
| F40–49: Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders, % | 9.07 | 8.58 | 9.02 | ||
| F50–59: Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, n | 1944 | 65 | 2009 | ||
| F50–59: Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, % | 2.70 | 0.90 | 2.53 | ||
| F60–69: Disorders of adult personality and behaviour, n | 898 | 237 | 1135 | ||
| F60–69: Disorders of adult personality and behaviour, % | 1.24 | 3.29 | 1.43 | ||
| F70–79: Learning disability, n | 758 | 156 | 914 | ||
| F70–79: Learning disability, % | 1.05 | 2.16 | 1.15 | ||
| F80–89: Disorders of psychological development, n | 1361 | 149 | 1510 | ||
| F80–89: Disorders of psychological development, % | 1.89 | 2.07 | 1.90 | ||
| F90–98: Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, n | 3171 | 403 | 3574 | ||
| F90–98: Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, % | 4.40 | 5.59 | 4.50 | ||
| F99: Unspecified mental disorder, n | 10 075 | 760 | 10 835 | ||
| F99: Unspecified mental disorder, % | 13.97 | 10.54 | 13.66 | ||
| No axis 1 diagnosis, n | 3244 | 338 | 3582 | ||
| No axis 1 diagnosis, % | 4.50 | 4.69 | 4.51 | ||
| G: Diseases of the nervous system, n | 203 | 14 | 217 | ||
| G: Diseases of the nervous system, % | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.27 | ||
| A-E, H-Q: Other illness codes, n | 238 | 12 | 250 | ||
| A-E, H-Q: Other illness codes, % | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.32 | ||
| R: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified, n | 401 | 11 | 412 | ||
| R: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified, % | 0.56 | 0.15 | 0.52 | ||
| S-Y: Injury, poisoning and external causes, n | 96 | 12 | 108 | ||
| S-Y: Injury, poisoning and external causes, % | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.14 | ||
| Z: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services, n | 11 868 | 850 | 12 718 | 3 × 103 | <0.001 |
| Z: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services, % | 16.45 | 11.78 | 16.03 | ||
| Missing, n | 9106 | 193 | 9299 | ||
| Missing, % | 12.62 | 2.68 | 11.72 | ||
| Any comorbid diagnosis of drug or alcohol use disorder | |||||
| No, n | 71 665 | 7111 | 78 766 | ||
| No, % | 99.35 | 98.59 | 99.27 | ||
| Yes, n | 475 | 102 | 577 | ||
| Yes, % | 0.66 | 1.41 | 0.73 | 51.85 | <0.001 |
| HES assault admission | |||||
| No, n | 70 151 | 6576 | 76 727 | ||
| No, % | 97.26 | 91.17 | 96.70 | ||
| Yes, n | 1979 | 637 | 2616 | ||
| Yes, % | 2.74 | 8.83 | 3.30 | 762.1659 | <0.001 |
| Total, n | 72 130 | 7213 | 79 343 | ||
HES, Hospital Episode Statistics.