Table 3.
Model estimates for association of neighbourhood characteristics, based on 44 475 records with complete data, clustered in 2794 neighbourhoods (lower super output areas)
| Unadjusteda | Individual-adjustedb | Area-adjustedc | Both individual- and area-adjustedd | Absolute risk difference, %e | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | |||||
| Neighbourhood fragmentation | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.11) | 0.51 (0.02 to 1.00) |
| Neighbourhood crime | 1.30 (1.24 to 1.38) | 1.19 (1.13 to 1.26) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.21) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.14) | 0.59 (−0.06 to 1.23) |
| Neighbourhood income deprivation | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.34) | 1.18 (1.13 to 1.24) | 1.20 (1.14 to 1.27) | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.21) | 1.26 (0.72 to 1.81) |
| Neighbourhood population density | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.22) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.12) | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.11) | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) | −0.09 (−0.56 to 0.39) |
| Men | |||||
| Neighbourhood fragmentation | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.04)f | −0.02 (−0.51 to 0.48) |
| Neighbourhood crime | 1.28 (1.21 to 1.34) | 1.18 (1.12 to 1.24) | 1.19 (1.11 to 1.28) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.21)g | 1.36 (0.67 to 2.04) |
| Neighbourhood income deprivation | 1.21 (1.16 to 1.26) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.17) | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.16)h | 1.01 (0.44 to 1.59) |
| Neighbourhood population density | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.15) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.05) | 0.97 (0.92 to 1.01)i | −0.38 (−0.09 to 0.13) |
The intraclass correlation coefficient (%) for the empty model, before inclusion of explanatory variables, was 2.7 (95% CI 2.0–3.8).
Adjusted for age, ethnic group, marital status, primary diagnosis and comorbid drug or alcohol use disorder.
Adjusted for the other neighbourhood characteristics.
Adjusted for age, ethnic group, marital status, primary diagnosis and comorbid drug or alcohol use disorder, and all other neighbourhood characteristics.
Based on the fully adjusted model, comparing absolute risks for a 1 s.d. increase in each neighbourhood characteristic.
P for gender by neighbourhood fragmentation interaction: 0.096.
P for gender by neighbourhood crime interaction: 0.218.
P for gender by neighbourhood income deprivation interaction: 0.257.
P for interaction between gender and neighbourhood population density: 0.448.