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Labile base pairs within the HIV-1 packaging signal. The left-hand portion of the figure shows, in cartoon form, the secondary structure of the 5′ 344 bases of HIV-1 vRNA. “ψ” extends roughly from nucleotide 105 (indicated as “U5”) to the end of the cartoon. U5, DIS, SL2, SL3, and AUG are landmarks within ψ. The figure highlights the four base pairs near the base of stem-loop 3 (SL3), which are the targets of high-affinity, endothermic binding by the viral NC protein.
