Figure 1.

Dysbiotic inflammation is present in human and murine cytokine levels in disease (type 2 diabetes [T2D]). Original cytokine data are displayed to exemplify dysbiosis in the immune response, placing the host at risk of more aggressive microbial behavior. Mean levels (pg/mL) of 13 cytokines in mice (right side of circle, n = 5 healthy, n = 5 diabetic) and humans (left side of circle, n = 5 healthy, n = 5 diabetic). Health, green; type 2 diabetes, orange. Data show similar trends between human and mice cytokine levels, with higher expression among diseased versus healthy subjects. Radar lines mark 25 pg/mL; black bars show standard deviation.