Table 4.
Comparison of proprioceptive impairments between UN+ and UN− (continuous outcomes).
| Study | Proprioception outcome | UN+ | UN− | Hedge’s g | Impaired group (effect size) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | ||||
| Movement detection | |||||||
| Meyer et al.62 | Em-NSA (median, IQR) | 7.0 (2.0–8.0) | 27 | 8.0 (7.0–8.0) | 95 | UTD | UN+ (p < 0.05)a |
| TFT Score (0–3) (median, IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 27 | 0 (0–1.0) | 95 | UTD | UN+ (p < 0.05)a | |
| Schmidt et al.63 | Arm Position Test–Error | 7.5 (1.0) | 7.0 | 4.5 (0.6) | 15 | 3.88 | UN+ (large) |
| Joint position matching | |||||||
| Borde et al.61 | Reproduction Error n – paretic upper limb | 7.8 (2.5) | 6 | 5 (5) | 3 | 0.73 | UN+ (medium) |
| Reproduction Error n – healthy upper limb | 3.3 (3.5) | 6 | 1.7 (4.6) | 3 | 0.37 | UN+ (small) | |
| TFT Error | 7.5 (2.7) | 6 | 6.7 (2.9) | 3 | 0.26 | UN+ (small) | |
| Borde et al.60 | Reproduction Error Total n | 12.9 (7.7) | 10 | 9.8 (7.8) | 10b | 0.38 | UN+ (small) |
| Reproduction Error No Vision n | 7.2 (5.1) | 10 | 6.2 (5.4) | 10b | 0.18 | Nil | |
| Semrau et al.65 | TFT Score (0–3) | 1.3 (1.1) | 35 | 0.7 (0.9) | 123 | 0.63 | UN+ (medium) |
| Semrau et al.64 | Kinesthetic Score Vision (lower = better) | 3.9 (1.7) | 59 | 1.8 (1.2) | 222 | 1.59 | UN+ (large) |
| Kinesthetic Score No Vision (lower = better) | 4.3 (1.4) | 59 | 2.4 (1.3) | 222 | 1.43 | UN+ (large) | |
| Laterality | |||||||
| Baas et al.51 | Hand Laterality % Error | 25 (5) | 7 | 14 (3) | 15 | 2.85 | UN+ (large) |
| Coslett54 | Hand Laterality (L) % Error | 41.7 (13.5) | 3 | 6.7 (9.9) | 3 | 2.37 | UN+ (large) |
| Hand Laterality (R) % Error | 16.3 (9.1) | 3 | 7.3 (8.1) | 3 | 0.84 | UN+ (large) | |
| Vromen et al.59 | Hand Laterality % Error | 37.6 (21.5) | 12 | 14.1 (14.7) | 8 | 1.18 | UN+ (large) |
| Body axis / midline | |||||||
| Heilman et al.55 | Pointing to body midline–Midline Deviation | 8.8 (NR) | 5 | −1.2 (NR) | 5 | UTD | UTD |
| Richard et al.56 | Pointing to body midline–Midline Deviation | 9.4 (12.5) | 8 | 1.6 (1.8) | 8 | 0.83 | UN+ (large) |
| Saj et al.58 | Longitudinal Body Axis Translation Head | 2.3 (2.0) | 6 | −0.3 (1.4) | 6 | 1.39 | UN+ (large) |
| Longitudinal Body Axis Translation Trunk | 5.9 (5.8) | 6 | −0.5 (1.1) | 6 | 1.42 | UN+ (large) | |
| Longitudinal Body Axis Rotation Head | −4.6 (2.2) | 6 | −2.5 (1.5) | 6 | −1.03 | UN+ (large) | |
| Longitudinal Body Axis Rotation Trunk | −4.6 (3.3) | 6 | −2.3 (1.9) | 6 | −0.79 | UN+ (medium) | |
| Tosi et al.66 | Arm Bisection Task | 69.7 (11.7) | 7 | 67.3 (10.7) | 37 | 0.22 | UN+ (small) |
| Body topography | |||||||
| Di Vita et al.23 | Body topography % Error | 42.9 (27.5) | 7 | 16 (17.2) | 16 | 1.17 | UN+ (large) |
| Rousseaux et al.57 | Localisation – Total Deviation | 1.8 (11.4) | 9 | 0.2 (7.8) | 6 | 0.16 | Nil |
| Localisation – Left Point Deviation | 13.4 (13.2) | 9 | 4.5 (9.5) | 6 | 0.78 | UN+ (medium) | |
UN: unilateral neglect; UN+: participants with UN; UN−: participants without UN; SD: standard deviation; Em-NSA: Erasmus Modifications to the Nottingham Sensory Assessment; IQR: interquartile range; UTD: unable to determine; TFT: thumb finding test; L: left; R: right; NR: not reported.
Effect size determined using cut offs of 0.2 for small, 0.5 medium, and 0.8 large as reported by Lakens.49
a
More impaired group determined by p values in study due to median and IQR reporting.
b
Data reported for UN− group with right hemisphere damage only.