Table 1.
Patient characteristics at intensive care unit admission.
| Variables | Control groupa | Cleaning group | Total | Statisticsb | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| Mean±standard deviation | 67.78±16.06 | 69.1±18.05 | 68.40±16.99 | 0.92 (Rank sum test) | 0.36 |
| Range | 23.00–94.00 | 7.00–94.00 | 7.00–94.00 | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 67 (64.42%) | 68 (73.91%) | 135 (68.88%) | 2.05 | 0.15 |
| Female | 37 (35.58%) | 24 (26.09%) | 61 (31.12%) | ||
| Underlying illness | |||||
| Non-pulmonary infection | 8 (7.69%) | 9 (9.78%) | 17 (8.67%) | 0.27 | 0.60 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 67 (64.42%) | 67 (72.83%) | 134 (68.37%) | 1.59 | 0.21 |
| Nervous system disease | 4 (3.85%) | 4 (4.35%) | 8 (4.08%) | 0.03 | 0.86 |
| Liver and kidney disease | 31 (29.81%) | 5 (5.43%) | 36 (18.37%) | 19.34 | <0.01 |
| Lung infection | 28 (26.92%) | 33 (35.87%) | 61 (31.12%) | 1.82 | 0.18 |
| Others | 49 (47.12%) | 37 (40.22%) | 86 (43.88%) | 0.94 | 0.33 |
| No infection | 36 (34.62%) | 22 (23.91%) | 58 (29.59%) | 2.39 | 0.12 |
| Risk factors for infection when entering the ICU | |||||
| Diabetes | 69 (35.20%) | 34 (32.69%) | 35 (38.04%) | 0.61 | 0.43 |
| Cancer | 19 (9.69%) | 10 (9.62%) | 9 (9.78%) | <0.01 | 0.97 |
| Older than 75 years | 96 (48.98%) | 50 (48.08%) | 46 (50.00%) | 0.07 | 0.79 |
| Immunosuppressant | 6 (3.06%) | 3 (2.88%) | 3 (3.26%) | 0.02 | 0.88 |
| Long bed | 89 (45.41%) | 46 (44.23%) | 43 (46.74%) | 0.12 | 0.73 |
| Cirrhosis | 11 (5.61%) | 9 (8.65%) | 2 (2.17%) | 3.87 | 0.05 |
| Hormone | 11 (5.61%) | 7 (6.73%) | 4 (4.35%) | 0.52 | 0.47 |
| Dialysis | 11 (5.61%) | 9 (8.65%) | 2 (2.17%) | 3.87 | 0.05 |
| Low immune function | 53 (27.04%) | 19 (18.27%) | 34 (36.96%) | 8.64 | |
| Organ transplant | 2 (1.02%) | 2 (2.17%) | 2.28 | 0.13 | |
| Fever | 63 (32.14%) | 21 (20.19%) | 42 (45.65%) | 14.51 | <0.01 |
| Surgery | 26 (13.27%) | 9 (8.65%) | 17 (18.48%) | 4.10 | 0.04 |
| Ventilator | 75 (38.27%) | 29 (27.88%) | 46 (50.00%) | 10.11 | <0.01 |
| Urinary catheter | 108 (55.10%) | 52 (50.00%) | 56 (60.87%) | 2.33 | 0.13 |
| Central venous cannula | 76 (38.78%) | 31 (29.81%) | 45 (48.91%) | 7.51 | 0.01 |
aData shown as n (%), except where indicated.
bComparisons performed using chi-squared test, except where indicated.
ICU, intensive care unit.