Table 3.
Comparisons of Hormonal and Lipid Concentrations Based on Different Semen Quality.
| Variable | Group with normal semen quality (n = 55) | Group with impaired semen quality (n = 35) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | Mean (SD) | Median (5–95) | |
| Semen volume, ml | 3.3 (1.8) | 2.9 (1.1, 5.7) | 3.2 (1.7) | 3.1 (1.1, 1.8) |
| Sperm concentration, ×106/ml | 75.74 (47.84) | 53.25 (25.37, 164.98) | 24.49a (13.99) | 22.80 (0.63, 52.53) |
| Total sperm count, ×106 | 232.1 (161.9) | 175.65 (51.4, 585.4) | 86.5a (79.5) | 57.2 (2.0, 246.8) |
| Progressive motility, % | 60.6 (19.1) | 57.7 (33.6, 95.5) | 19.4a (13.9) | 18.5 (2.0, 53.0) |
| Normal morphology, % | 8.38 (2.50) | 8.25 (5.00, 13.75) | 4.56a (2.06) | 4.25 (1.75, 8.25) |
| LH, mIU/ml | 3.14 (1.34) | 2.90 (1.44, 5.47) | 3.83 b (1.37) | 3.82 (2.14, 7.11) |
| FSH, mIU/ml | 3.79 (3.06) | 3.17 (1.29, 9.02) | 4.55 (2.60) | 4.25 (1.03, 10.24) |
| Total testosterone, nmol/L | 17.08 (7.25) | 15.15 (7.67, 30.91) | 17.08 (8.16) | 14.22 (8.58, 36.30) |
| Free testosterone, pg/ml | 12.36 (5.97) | 12.20 (3.70, 21.30) | 13.24 (10.97) | 9.70 (3.90, 28.70) |
| Estradiol, nmol/L | 0.173 (0.036) | 0.166 (0.129, 0.240) | 0.184 (0.047) | 0.180 (0.116, 0.297) |
| Inhibin B, pg/ml | 214.4 (42.9) | 207.3 (151.7, 294.4) | 186.4 b (52.6) | 186.9 (100.0, 300.3) |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 51.55 (27.55) | 43.60 (21.60, 126.90) | 52.66 (38.86) | 38.30 (19.50, 172.50) |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.31 (0.64) | 1.08 (0.39, 2.54) | 1.40 (0.81) | 1.15 (0.41, 2.89) |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.40 (0.88) | 4.25 (3.25, 6.15) | 4.55 (1.24) | 4.39 (2.50, 6.71) |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.14 (0.36) | 1.06 (0.65, 1.78) | 1.21 (0.42) | 1.06 (0.66, 2.04) |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.69 (0.92) | 2.58 (1.51, 4.89) | 2.70 (1.15) | 2.73 (0.86, 5.14) |
Note. Results are based on raw data. SD = standard deviation; (5–95): 5th–95th percentile; LH = luteinizing hormone; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin; TG = triglyceride; TC = total cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a
p ≤ .001. bp ≤ 0.05. P values were obtained from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) taking confounders into consideration.