Table 2.
Non-Retention in HIV Care by Characteristics for Women and Men, Miami-Dade County Ryan White Program, 2017.
| Characteristics | Women (n = 1609) | Men (n = 5330) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retained in care, n (%) | Not retained in care, n (%) | P-valuea | Retained in care, n (%) | Not retained in care, n (%) | P-valuea | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 18–34 | 185 (74.0) | 65 (26.0) | <0.0001 | 1038 (79.2) | 273 (20.8) | <0.0001 |
| 35–49 | 512 (84.9) | 91 (15.1) | 1738 (84.3) | 325 (15.8) | ||
| ≥ 50 | 664 (87.8) | 92 (12.2) | 1686 (86.2) | 270 (13.8) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 547 (81.9) | 121 (18.1) | 0.0129 | 792 (74.5) | 271 (25.5) | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 419 (86.2) | 67 (13.8) | 3029 (86.5) | 474 (13.5) | ||
| Haitian | 350 (88.2) | 47 (11.8) | 300 (85.7) | 50 (14.3) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White/Other | 45 (77.6) | 13 (22.4) | 341 (82.4) | 73 (17.6) | ||
| US-born | ||||||
| Yes | 554 (79.0) | 147 (21.0) | <0.0001 | 1225 (76.1) | 385 (23.9) | <0.0001 |
| No | 807 (89.0) | 101 (11.1) | 3237 (87.0) | 483 (13.0) | ||
| Preferred language | ||||||
| English | 665 (80.4) | 162 (19.6) | <0.0001 | 1695 (77.8) | 485 (22.3) | <0.0001 |
| Spanish | 368 (89.1) | 45 (10.9) | 2468 (88.0) | 336 (12.0) | ||
| Haitian Creole | 312 (89.1) | 38 (10.9) | 242 (87.7) | 34 (12.3) | ||
| All other | 16 (84.2) | 3 (15.8) | 57 (81.4) | 13 (18.6) | ||
| Household income, percent of Federal Poverty Level | ||||||
| ≥200% | 171 (84.7) | 31 (15.4) | 0.0730 | 1214 (87.2) | 178 (12.8) | <0.0001 |
| 100%–199% | 499 (87.2) | 73 (12.8) | 1597 (86.7) | 245 (13.3) | ||
| <100% | 691 (82.8) | 144 (17.3) | 1651 (78.8) | 445 (21.2) | ||
| Number of minors in household | ||||||
| None | 986 (85.5) | 167 (14.5) | 0.0174 | 4230 (83.6) | 829 (16.4) | 0.8148 |
| 1 | 211 (85.1) | 37 (14.9) | 152 (84.9) | 27 (15.1) | ||
| 2 | 113 (82.5) | 24 (17.5) | 59 (86.8) | 9 (13.2) | ||
| 3 or more | 51 (71.8) | 20 (28.2) | 21 (87.5) | 3 (12.5) | ||
| Need characteristics | ||||||
| Diagnosis of AIDS at any time | ||||||
| Yes | 663 (83.4) | 132 (16.6) | 0.1912 | 1716 (83.9) | 329 (16.1) | 0.7584 |
| No | 698 (85.8) | 116 (14.3) | 2746 (83.6) | 539 (16.4) | ||
| Has HIV-related symptoms | ||||||
| Yes | 31 (73.8) | 11 (26.2) | 0.05 | 60 (63.2) | 35 (36.8) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1330 (84.9) | 237 (15.1) | 4402 (84.1) | 833 (15.9) | ||
| Vulnerable/enabling variables | ||||||
| Drug use in the last 12 months | ||||||
| Yes | 69 (69.7) | 30 (30.3) | <0.0001 | 307 (71.1) | 125 (28.9) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1292 (85.6) | 218 (14.4) | 4155 (84.8) | 743 (15.2) | ||
| Drug use resulted in problems with daily activities or legal issue or hazardous situation | ||||||
| Yes | 28 (59.6) | 19 (40.4) | <0.0001 | 70 (60.3) | 46 (39.7) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1333 (85.3) | 229 (14.7) | 4392 (84.2) | 822 (15.8) | ||
| Drug use affect adherence or not | ||||||
| Yes | 44 (77.2) | 13 (22.8) | 0.1155 | 221 (74.2) | 77 (25.8) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1317 (84.9) | 235 (15.1) | 4241 (84.3) | 791 (15.7) | ||
| Would like substance use treatment now | ||||||
| Yes | 19 (52.8) | 17 (47.2) | <0.0001 | 41 (54.0) | 35 (46.1) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1342 (85.3) | 231 (14.7) | 4421 (84.2) | 833 (15.9) | ||
| Feeling depressed or anxious | ||||||
| Yes | 239 (82.7) | 50 (17.3) | 0.3265 | 583 (76.9) | 175 (23.1) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1122 (85.0) | 198 (15.0) | 3877 (84.8) | 693 (15.2) | ||
| Receives or needs mental health services | ||||||
| Yes | 252 (81.3) | 58 (18.7) | 0.0736 | 618 (77.6) | 178 (22.4) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1109 (85.4) | 190 (14.6) | 3839 (84.8) | 688 (15.2) | ||
| Ever experienced domestic violence | ||||||
| Yes | 111 (82.8) | 23 (17.2) | 0.5577 | 133 (76.4) | 41 (23.6) | 0.0081 |
| No | 1250 (84.8) | 225 (15.3) | 4327 (84.0) | 826 (16.0) | ||
| Disclosure of HIV status to adults in households | ||||||
| No adults in household | 445 (82.4) | 95 (17.6) | 0.1551 | 1713 (83.0) | 352 (17.1) | 0.4832 |
| Adults in household, but none know status | 178 (87.7) | 25 (12.3) | 329 (83.9) | 63 (16.1) | ||
| At least 1 adult in household knows status | 738 (85.2) | 128 (14.8) | 2420 (84.2) | 453 (15.8) | ||
| Has a social support system to depend on | ||||||
| No | 189 (80.8) | 45 (19.2) | 0.0802 | 789 (80.3) | 194 (19.7) | 0.0011 |
| Yes | 1172 (85.2) | 203 (14.8) | 3673 (84.5) | 673 (15.5) | ||
| Work related barriers to attending care appointments | ||||||
| Not working | 671 (81.3) | 154 (18.7) | 0.0010 | 1479 (76.3) | 460 (23.7) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 43 (87.8) | 6 (12.2) | 101 (86.3) | 16 (13.7) | ||
| No | 647 (88.0) | 88 (12.0) | 2882 (88.0) | 392 (12.0) | ||
| Client has access to transportation to appointments | ||||||
| No | 101 (79.5) | 26 (20.5) | 0.0999 | 398 (78.5) | 109 (21.5) | 0.0008 |
| Yes | 1260 (85.0) | 222 (15.0) | 4064 (84.3) | 759 (15.7) | ||
| Client getting food he/she needs | ||||||
| No | 16 (76.2) | 5 (23.8) | 0.2834 | 57 (59.4) | 39 (40.6) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 1345 (84.7) | 243 (15.3) | 4405 (84.2) | 829 (15.8) | ||
| Homeless | ||||||
| Yes | 52 (68.4) | 24 (31.6) | <0.0001 | 207 (68.5) | 95 (31.5) | <0.0001 |
| No | 1309 (85.4) | 224 (14.6) | 4255 (84.6) | 773 (15.4) | ||
| Infected perinatally with HIV | ||||||
| Yes | 12 (50.0) | 12 (50.0) | <0.0001 | 18 (72.0) | 7 (28.0) | 0.1118 |
| No | 1349 (85.1) | 236 (14.9) | 4444 (83.8) | 861 (16.2) | ||
| Health care environment | ||||||
| Number of Ryan White clients that client’s clinician cares for | ||||||
| 1–9 | 48 (68.6) | 22 (31.4) | <0.0001 | 92 (66.2) | 47 (33.8) | <0.0001 |
| 10–29 | 56 (87.5) | 8 (12.5) | 140 (77.4) | 41 (22.7) | ||
| 30–99 | 361 (84.7) | 65 (15.3) | 813 (86.0) | 132 (14.0) | ||
| 100–199 | 452 (88.6) | 58 (11.4) | 1293 (84.2) | 243 (15.8) | ||
| ≥200 | 375 (84.5) | 69 (15.5) | 1901 (85.6) | 321 (14.5) | ||
| Unknownc | 69 (72.6) | 26 (27.4) | 223 (72.6) | 84 (27.4) | ||
| Neighborhood environment | ||||||
| Neighborhood low socioeconomic status (SES) Indexd | ||||||
| Median | 0.88 | 1.04 | 0.3170 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.0327 |
| Interquartile range | (0.34, 1.51) | (0.33, 1.64) | (−0.21, 1.32) | (−0.21, 1.37) | ||
| Neighborhood residential instability/homicide indexe | ||||||
| Median | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.0043 | 0.41 | 0.65 | 0.4094 |
| Interquartile range | (−0.29, 0.89) | (−0.04, 1.28) | (−0.40, 1.28) | (−0.29, 1.28) | ||
Percentages in the table represent row percentages.
Results exclude missing values as follows: feeling depressed or anxious (n = 2), receives or needs mental health services (n = 7), experienced domestic violence (n = 3), social support needs (n = 1), and the 2 neighbor indices (n = 15).
aP-values from chi-square. For continuous variables median and interquartile range reported, P-value from Wilcoxon rank sum.
b Those born in Puerto Rico or other US territories are classified as non-US born.
c Clients who could not name HIV care provider during health assessment or patient intake.
d Higher score indicates lower SES.
e Higher score indicates more instability and homicides.