Table 2.
Pregnancy and Neonatal outcomes
| GDM+PCOS+ | GDM+PCOS0 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preeclampsia | 0.010 | ||
| Yes | 22 (6.7) | 35 (2.9) | |
| No | 304 (93.3) | 1180 (97.1) | |
| Hypertension in pregnancy | 0.767 | ||
| Yes | 22 (6.7) | 74 (6.1) | |
| No | 304 (93.3) | 1144 (93.9) | |
| Mode of delivery | 0.732 | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 218 (66.9) | 807 (67.8) | |
| Caesarean section | 108 (33.1) | 382 (32.2) | |
| Vaginal delivery | 0.025 | ||
| Spontaneous onset of labour | 102 (46.8) | 446 (55.2) | |
| Induction of labour | 116 (53.2) | 361 (44.8) | |
| Caesarean Section | 0.004 | ||
| Emergency C-section | 50 (46.3) | 120 (31.4) | |
| Elective C-section | 58 (53.7) | 262 (68.6) | |
| Mean week of Delivery | 38.47 (30-41) | 38.24 (10-42) | 0.739 |
| Prematuritya | 0.753 | ||
| Yes | 32 (9.8) | 90 (7.5) | |
| No | 294 (90.2) | 1116 (92.5) | |
| APGAR<7 at 1 mins (%) | 13.5 | 8.9 | 0.021 |
| APGAR<7 at 5 mins (%) | 1.8 | 2.7 | 0.547 |
| Mean neonatal birth weight | 3309.5 (1342-4545) | 3308.5 (1000-5420) | 0.982 |
| Macrosomiab | 0.193 | ||
| Yes | 36 (11) | 103 (8.6) | |
| No | 290 (89) | 1092 (91.4) | |
| Admission to NICU | 0.556 | ||
| Yes | 42 (12.9) | 174 (14.6) | |
| No | 284 (87.1) | 1017 (85.4) | |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemiac | 0.406 | ||
| Yes | 40 (12.3) | 121 (10.2) | |
| No | 286 (87.7) | 1071 (89.8) | |
| Admission to NICU with hypoglycaemia | 0.102 | ||
| Yes | 28 (8.6) | 72 (6) | |
| No | 298 (91.4) | 1120 (94) | |
| Neonatal death | 0.248 | ||
| Yes | 2 (0.1) | 17 (0.1) | |
| No | 324 (99.1) | 1186 (99.9) | |
| Congenital abnormality | 0.314 | ||
| Yes | 8 (2.5) | 33 (2.8) | |
| Ankyloglossia | 4 (1.3) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Cardiovascular | 0 (0) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Limb abnormalities | 2 (0.6) | 14 (1.1) | |
| Neurological | 0 (0) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Genitourinary | 2 (0.6) | 4 (0.3) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 3 (0.2) | |
| No | 318 (97.5) | 1162 (97.2) |
aPrematurity is defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation; bMacrosomia is defined as birthweight above 4,000g; cNeonatal hypoglycaemia is defined as blood glucose level below 2.5mmol/L within the first 24 hours of birth