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. 2020 Aug 3;20(4):3661–3668. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9088

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Copyright: © Qu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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TGF-β1 expression is increased in degenerated discs. (A) Representative MRI of the patients from Pfirrmann grade 2 to 5. The yellow arrow indicates the surgical segment. (B) Representative images of immunohistochemical targets TGF-β1 (magnification, x400) and (C) quantification analysis. (D) Protein expression of Col II, ALK5 and ALK1 was determined by western blotting and (E) semi-quantified. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01. TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1; Col II, collagen II; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ALK, ALK tyrosine kinase receptor.