Table 1. Demographic and socioeconomic status of study participants.
| Factors | All (n = 1972) | Did not know DM affects eyes (n = 753) | Knew DM affects eyes (n = 1219) | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65.2 (10.8) | 66.8 (10.7) | 64.1 (10.7) | <0.001† |
| Males, n (%) | 902 (45.7) | 309 (41.1) | 593 (48.7) | 0.001‡ |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001§ | |||
| None | 541 (27.4) | 259 (34.4) | 282 (23.1) | |
| Elementary school | 641 (32.5) | 241 (32.0) | 400 (32.8) | |
| Junior high school | 447 (22.7) | 150 (19.9) | 297 (24.4) | |
| High school | 273 (13.8) | 75 (9.96) | 198 (16.2) | |
| College or above | 70 (3.55) | 28 (3.72) | 42 (3.45) | |
| Monthly family income (USD), n (%) | 0.028§ | |||
| 1–300 | 227 (11.5) | 112 (14.9) | 115 (9.43) | |
| 301–450 | 327 (16.6) | 124 (16.5) | 203 (16.7) | |
| 451–750 | 475 (24.1) | 156 (20.7) | 319 (26.2) | |
| 751–1500 | 648 (32.9) | 269 (35.7) | 379 (31.1) | |
| >1500 | 295 (15.0) | 92 (12.2) | 203 (16.7) | |
| Insurance covering DM, n (%) | 0.860‡ | |||
| Self-pay | 87 (4.41) | 34 (4.52) | 53 (4.35) | |
| Social health insurance | 1,885 (95.6) | 719 (95.5) | 1,166 (95.7) | |
| Insurance covering eye care, n (%) | <0.001‡ | |||
| Yes | 423 (21.5) | 156 (20.7) | 267 (21.9) | |
| No | 623 (31.6) | 204 (27.1) | 419 (34.4) | |
| Not sure | 926 (47.0) | 393 (52.2) | 533 (43.7) |
SD: standard deviation, 1 USD = 6.67 RMB, DM: diabetes mellitus
* P values were for comparing participant characteristics between the two groups.
† t test was used.
‡ Chi-squared test was used.
§ Ordinal logistic regression was used.