Table 2. Medical history of diabetes among study participants by their knowledge of diabetes.
| All (n = 1972) | Did not know DM affect eyes (n = 753) | Knew DM affect eyes (n = 1219) | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM type, n (%) | 0.051† | |||
| Type 1 | 61 (3.1) | 16 (2.1) | 45 (3.7) | |
| Type 2 | 1,911 (96.9) | 737 (97.9) | 1174 (96.3) | |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) Mean (SD) | 7.00 (1.45) | 6.86 (1.28) | 7.08 (1.54) | 0.001‡ |
| Years since DM diagnosed | 6.24 (4.38) | 5.52 (3.96) | 6.69 (4.57) | <0.001‡ |
| How to know you have DM, n (%) | <0.001§ | |||
| Physical check-up | 999 (50.7) | 423 (56.2) | 576 (47.3) | |
| Discomfort in the body | 963 (48.8) | 326 (43.3) | 637 (52.3) | |
| Discomfort in the eyes | 10 (0.51) | 4 (0.53) | 6 (0.49) | |
| Using insulin, n (%) | 184 (9.33) | 46 (6.11) | 138 (11.3) | <0.001† |
| Concerns with using insulin, n (%) | 0.002¶ | |||
| None | 146 (7.56) | 70 (9.50) | 76 (6.37) | |
| Barely | 525 (27.2) | 167 (22.7) | 358 (30.0) | |
| Some | 848 (43.9) | 303 (41.1) | 545 (45.7) | |
| Substantial | 411 (21.3) | 197 (26.7) | 214 (17.9) | |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 1,175 (59.6) | 422 (56.0) | 753 (61.8) | 0.012† |
| History of hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 0.134† | |||
| No | 1,335 (67.7) | 519 (68.9) | 816 (66.9) | |
| Yes | 244 (12.4) | 79 (10.5) | 165 (13.5) | |
| Not sure | 393 (19.9) | 155 (20.6) | 238 (19.5) |
SD: standard deviation
* P values were for comparing the participants’ medical history between the two groups.
† Chi-squared test was used.
‡ t test was used.
§ Fisher’s exact test was used.
¶ Ordinal logistic regression was used.