Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Population, n (%)
| Baseline characteristics | All (N = 3875) | SNF | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 3439) | Yes (n = 436) | ||
| Age | |||
| 65–69 y | 784 (20.2) | 755 (22.0) | 29 (6.6) |
| 70–74 y | 790 (20.4) | 735 (21.4) | 55 (12.6) |
| 75–79 y | 783 (20.2) | 696 (20.2) | 87 (20.0) |
| 80–84 y | 767 (19.8) | 653 (19.0) | 114 (26.2) |
| 85–90 y | 462 (11.9) | 370 (10.7) | 92 (21.1) |
| 90+ y | 289 (7.5) | 230 (6.7) | 59 (13.5) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 2196 (56.7) | 1911 (55.6) | 285 (65.4) |
| Male | 1679 (43.3) | 1528 (44.4) | 151 (34.6) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Other than non-Hispanic whites | 1088 (28.1) | 978 (28.4) | 110 (25.2) |
| Non-Hispanic whites | 2787 (71.9) | 2461 (71.6) | 326 (74.8) |
| Educational level | |||
| College or higher | 453 (11.7) | 400 (11.6) | 53 (12.1) |
| <9th grade education | 1515 (39.1) | 1308 (38.0) | 207 (47.5) |
| 9th-12th grade and high school | 280 (7.2) | 250 (7.3) | 30 (6.9) |
| Vocational training | 1627 (42.0) | 1481 (43.1) | 146 (33.5) |
| Cohabitation status | |||
| Living alone | 1288 (33.3) | 1078 (31.3) | 210 (48.2) |
| Living with a partner | 1616 (41.7) | 1502 (43.7) | 114 (26.1) |
| Living with others | 342 (8.8) | 316 (9.2) | 26 (6.0) |
| Living with partner and others | 629 (16.2) | 543 (15.8) | 86 (19.7) |
| Number of caregivers | |||
| 0 | 590 (15.2) | 536 (15.6) | 54 (12.4) |
| 1–2 | 2710 (69.9) | 2430 (70.6) | 280 (64.2) |
| 3+ | 575 (14.9) | 473 (13.8) | 102 (23.4) |
| Cognition | |||
| Normal | 3008 (77.6) | 2717 (79.0) | 291 (66.7) |
| Dementia | 867 (22.4) | 722 (21.0) | 145 (33.3) |
| Change in functional limitations | |||
| Mean (SD) range −16;18 | 0.35 (2.75) | 0.28 (2.62) | 0.95 (3.59) |
| Self-rated health | |||
| Mean (SD) range 0;5 | 2.77 (1.10) | 2.74(1.10) | 3.02 (1.09) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Mean (SD) range 0;10 | 2.50(1.55) | 2.45 (1.53) | 2.89 (1.65) |
| Characteristics of Caregivers for Those with Caregivers* | |||
| All (N = 3580) | No (n = 3172) | Yes (n = 408) | |
| Paid caregiver | |||
| No | 3100 (86.6) | 2775 (87.5) | 325 (79.7) |
| Yes | 480 (13.4) | 397 (12.5) | 83 (20.3) |
| Medical supportive caregiver | |||
| No | 2020 (56.4) | 1867 (58.9) | 153 (37.5) |
| Yes | 1560 (43.6) | 1305 (41.1) | 255 (62.5) |
| Partner caregiver | |||
| No | 1615 (45.1) | 1354 (42.7) | 261 (64.0) |
| Yes | 1965 (54.9) | 1818 (57.3) | 147 (36.0) |
| Child caregiver | |||
| No | 332 (9.3) | 293 (9.2) | 39 (9.6) |
| Yes | 3248 (90.7) | 2879 (90.8) | 369 (90.4) |
| Neighbor/friend caregiver | |||
| No | 2546 (71.1) | 2264 (71.4) | 282 (69.1) |
| Yes | 1034 (28.9) | 908 (26.6) | 126 (30.9) |
| Any family caregiver | |||
| No | 63 (1.8) | 57 (1.8) | 6 (1.5) |
| Yes | 3517 (98.2) | 3115 (98.2) | 402 (98.5) |
| Number of caregiver sources | |||
| 1 | 434 (12.1) | 370 (11.7) | 64 (15.7) |
| 2–3 | 2756 (77.0) | 2453 (77.3) | 303 (74.3) |
| 4+ | 309 (10.9) | 349 (11.0) | 41 (10.0) |
*
Among those who have a caregiver at any time point during follow-up.