Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of kidney transplant recipients with severe versus nonsevere COVID-19
| Characteristics | Nonsevere |
Severe |
HR [95% CI] | P | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n =137) | (n = 106) | ||||
| Baseline | |||||
| Age, yr | 59.5 [48.7–67.8] | 63.5 [54.7–69.6] | 1.02 [1.00–1.04] | 0.013 | 243 |
| Age >60 yr | 67 (48.9) | 67 (63.2) | 1.63 [1.10–2.43] | 0.015 | 243 |
| Male | 90 (65.7) | 72 (67.9) | 1.07 [0.71–1.61] | 0.740 | 243 |
| BMI > 25 kg/m2 | 78 (57.8) | 72 (72.0) | 1.80 [1.16–2.79] | 0.008 | 235 |
| Blood group | 239 | ||||
| A | 65 (48.5) | 40 (38.1) | Ref | Ref | |
| AB | 6 (4.48) | 6 (5.71) | 1.52 [0.64–3.59] | 0.340 | |
| B | 16 (11.9) | 13 (12.4) | 1.27 [0.68–2.38] | 0.449 | |
| O | 47 (35.1) | 46 (43.8) | 1.32 [0.86–2.02] | 0.198 | |
| Transplanted organ | 243 | ||||
| Kidney | 129 (94.2) | 104 (98.1) | Ref | Ref | |
| Kidney–heart | 2 (1.46) | 2 (1.89) | 1.36 [0.34–5.51] | 0.668 | |
| Kidney–liver | 2 (1.46) | 0 (0.00) | 0.00 [–] | 0.997 | |
| Kidney–pancreas | 4 (2.92) | 0 (0.00) | 0.00 [–] | 0.996 | |
| Time from Tx to COVID-19, mo | 73.4 [30.9–151] | 77.8 [25.4–131] | 1.00 [1.00–1.00] | 0.660 | 243 |
| Tx within 1 yr | 19 (13.9) | 16 (15.1) | 0.97 [0.57–1.65] | 0.912 | 243 |
| Hypertension | 112 (89.6) | 89 (90.8) | 1.14 [0.57–2.25] | 0.717 | 223 |
| RAS blockers | 58 (47.2) | 39 (41.1) | 0.83 [0.55–1.25] | 0.377 | 218 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 41 (32.5) | 40 (40.8) | 1.32 [0.88–1.98] | 0.176 | 224 |
| Respiratory disease | 19 (15.2) | 14 (14.3) | 0.96 [0.54–1.69] | 0.885 | 223 |
| Diabetes | 42 (33.6) | 50 (51.0) | 1.73 [1.16–2.57] | 0.007 | 223 |
| Cancer | 17 (13.4) | 18 (18.2) | 1.33 [0.80–2.21] | 0.276 | 226 |
| Smoking | 16 (14.8) | 14 (16.3) | 0.99 [0.56–1.76] | 0.977 | 194 |
| CNIs | 115 (83.9) | 87 (82.1) | 0.96 [0.58–1.58] | 0.868 | 243 |
| Mycophenolate acid | 102 (74.5) | 81 (76.4) | 1.08 [0.69–1.69] | 0.743 | 243 |
| Azathioprine | 5 (3.65) | 6 (5.66) | 1.32 [0.58–3.01] | 0.509 | 243 |
| mTOR inhibitors | 15 (10.9) | 14 (13.2) | 1.08 [0.62–1.90] | 0.785 | 243 |
| Steroids | 96 (70.1) | 81 (76.4) | 1.24 [0.79–1.94] | 0.347 | 243 |
| Belatacept | 8 (5.84) | 7 (6.60) | 1.08 [0.50–2.33] | 0.844 | 243 |
| On admission | |||||
| Cough | 81 (62.3) | 64 (65.3) | 1.20 [0.79–1.82] | 0.390 | 228 |
| Rhinitis | 12 (9.76) | 8 (8.70) | 0.82 [0.40–1.69] | 0.592 | 215 |
| Dyspnea | 42 (30.7) | 56 (52.8) | 2.28 [1.55–3.34] | <0.001 | 243 |
| Anosmia | 19 (16.1) | 10 (11.4) | 0.71 [0.37–1.38] | 0.315 | 206 |
| Fever | 98 (75.4) | 82 (86.3) | 1.77 [0.99–3.19] | 0.055 | 225 |
| Headache | 25 (19.5) | 14 (14.7) | 0.75 [0.43–1.32] | 0.322 | 223 |
| Diarrhea | 59 (46.1) | 38 (40.0) | 0.86 [0.57–1.30] | 0.486 | 223 |
| Time from symptom onset to admission, d | 5.00 [3.00–9.00] | 5.00 [3.00–7.00] | 1.00 [0.96–1.04] | 0.873 | 219 |
| C-reactive protein >60 mg/l | 51 (46.4) | 49 (64.5) | 2.07 [1.29–3.31] | 0.003 | 186 |
| Procalcitonin > 0.2 ng/ml | 21 (37.5) | 23 (67.6) | 3.19 [1.55–6.57] | 0.002 | 90 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/l | 0.70 [0.40–0.95] | 0.60 [0.40–0.96] | 1.10 [0.74–1.64] | 0.627 | 184 |
| Platelet count, ×109/l | 178 [146–229] | 178 [145–247] | 1.00 [1.00–1.00] | 0.742 | 188 |
| Thrombocytopenia < 150 × 109/l | 31 (28.7) | 23 (28.7) | 0.98 [0.60–1.58] | 0.923 | 188 |
| SaO2 < 95% | 26 (26.8) | 40 (50.6) | 2.47 [1.59–3.84] | <0.001 | 176 |
| Creatinine, μmol/l | 173 [126–230] | 182 [132–251] | 1.00 [1.00–1.00] | 0.378 | 200 |
BMI, body mass index; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HR, hazard ratio; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; RAS, renin–angiotensin system; Ref, reference; Tx, transplantation.
Data are expressed as median [interquartile range] or count (%), as appropriate, unless otherwise indicated.