Table 5.
Baseline characteristics of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who died versus those who did not
| Characteristics | Alive |
Dead |
HR [95% CI] | P | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 200) | (n = 43) | ||||
| Baseline | |||||
| Age, yr | 59.8 [49.8–67.5] | 68.9 [61.7–75.1] | 1.07 [1.04–1.10] | <0.001 | 243 |
| Age >60 yr | 99 (49.5) | 35 (81.4) | 3.98 [1.85–8.59] | <0.001 | 243 |
| Male | 137 (68.5) | 25 (58.1) | 0.68 [0.37–1.25] | 0.215 | 243 |
| BMI >25 kg/m2 | 122 (61.9) | 28 (73.7) | 1.65 [0.80–3.39] | 0.177 | 235 |
| Blood group | 239 | ||||
| A | 89 (45.2) | 16 (38.1) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| AB | 11 (5.58) | 1 (2.38) | 0.58 [0.08–4.40] | 0.601 | |
| B | 23 (11.7) | 6 (14.3) | 1.36 [0.53–3.48] | 0.521 | |
| O | 74 (37.6) | 19 (45.2) | 1.42 [0.73–2.77] | 0.299 | |
| Transplanted organ | 243 | ||||
| Kidney | 190 (95.0) | 43 (100) | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Kidney–heart | 4 (2.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.00 [0.00] | 0.997 | |
| Kidney–liver | 2 (1.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.00 [0.00] | 0.998 | |
| Kidney–pancreas | 4 (2.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.00 [0.00] | 0.997 | |
| Time from Tx to COVID-19, mo | 72.5 [27.7–147] | 83.7 [25.7–116] | 1.00 [1.00–1.00] | 0.933 | 243 |
| Tx within 1 yr | 29 (14.5) | 6 (14.0) | 0.95 [0.40–2.26] | 0.914 | 243 |
| Hypertension | 165 (89.7) | 36 (92.3) | 1.39 [0.43–4.53] | 0.580 | 223 |
| RAS blockers | 80 (44.4) | 17 (44.7) | 1.07 [0.56–2.03] | 0.836 | 218 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 59 (31.9) | 22 (56.4) | 2.74 [1.45–5.17] | 0.002 | 224 |
| Respiratory disease | 28 (15.2) | 5 (12.8) | 0.77 [0.30–1.96] | 0.577 | 223 |
| Diabetes | 69 (37.5) | 23 (59.0) | 2.27 [1.20–4.29] | 0.012 | 223 |
| Cancer | 28 (15.0) | 7 (17.9) | 1.17 [0.52–2.65] | 0.708 | 226 |
| Smoking | 25 (15.5) | 5 (15.2) | 0.97 [0.38–2.52] | 0.953 | 194 |
| CNIs | 172 (86.0) | 30 (69.8) | 0.46 [0.24–0.88] | 0.019 | 243 |
| Mycophenolate acid | 152 (76.0) | 31 (72.1) | 0.83 [0.43–1.62] | 0.586 | 243 |
| Azathioprine | 8 (4.00) | 3 (6.98) | 1.41 [0.43–4.55] | 0.569 | 243 |
| mTOR inhibitors | 22 (11.0) | 7 (16.3) | 1.38 [0.61–3.10] | 0.439 | 243 |
| Steroids | 147 (73.5) | 30 (69.8) | 0.81 [0.42–1.56] | 0.533 | 243 |
| Belatacept | 12 (6.00) | 3 (6.98) | 1.15 [0.36–3.71] | 0.817 | 243 |
| On admission | |||||
| Cough | 123 (64.4) | 22 (59.5) | 0.81 [0.42–1.56] | 0.521 | 228 |
| Rhinitis | 16 (8.89) | 4 (11.4) | 1.24 [0.44–3.51] | 0.687 | 215 |
| Dyspnea | 74 (37.0) | 24 (55.8) | 1.99 [1.09–3.63] | 0.025 | 243 |
| Anosmia | 28 (16.0) | 1 (3.23) | 0.20 [0.03–1.45] | 0.110 | 206 |
| Fever | 151 (79.9) | 29 (80.6) | 1.05 [0.46–2.41] | 0.901 | 225 |
| Headache | 35 (18.6) | 4 (11.4) | 0.59 [0.21–1.68] | 0.323 | 223 |
| Diarrhea | 84 (44.7) | 13 (37.1) | 0.75 [0.38–1.48] | 0.401 | 223 |
| Time from symptom onset to admission, d | 6.00 [3.00–9.00] | 4.00 [2.75–6.00] | 0.94 [0.88–1.02] | 0.138 | 219 |
| CRP >60 mg/l | 82 (51.9) | 18 (64.3) | 1.69 [0.78–3.66] | 0.185 | 186 |
| Procalcitonin > 0.2 ng/ml | 34 (44.7) | 10 (71.4) | 2.79 [0.87–8.89] | 0.083 | 90 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/l | 0.70 [0.40–0.97] | 0.60 [0.44–0.96] | 0.80 [0.38–1.65] | 0.538 | 184 |
| Platelet count, ×109/l | 178 [144–232] | 178 [155–257] | 1.00 [1.00–1.00] | 0.894 | 188 |
| Thrombocytopenia <150 ×109/L | 48 (30.8) | 6 (18.8) | 0.54 [0.22–1.32] | 0.176 | 188 |
| SaO2 <95% | 47 (32.2) | 19 (63.3) | 3.39 [1.61–7.14] | 0.001 | 176 |
| Creatinine level, μmol/l | 176 [131–249] | 184 [131–230] | 1.00 [1.00–1.00] | 0.864 | 200 |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; COVID-19, coronavirus 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; Ref, reference; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; Tx, transplantation.
Data are expressed as median [interquartile range] or count (%), as appropriate, unless otherwise indicated.