Table I.
Details of the included studies
| Record | Country (region) | Population | Type of study | Reference year for costs (currency) | Purchasing power parity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alvarez-Sabin 2016 [15] | Spain | 176 aged over 18 years, mean age 72.1 years (54.8% males) | Epidemiological, observational, prospective, multicenter study | 2012 (EUR) | Int$ 1 = 0.695 EUR |
| Arredondo 2015 [16] | Mexico | 654 701 reported cases of adults with hypertension | Cost estimation | 2015 (USD) | – |
| Arredondo 2016 [17] | Mexico (Hidalgo, Jalisco, Morelos, Sinaloa, Yucatán) | Unspecified | Time series study | 2015 (USD) | – |
| Bernard 2014 [18] | USA | 9383 aged 18–64 years (49.9% males) | Study based on data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey – Household Component (MEPS – HC) | 2009 (USD) | – |
| Bigdeli 2016 [19] | Cambodia | 1 250 aged over 18 years, mean age 56 years (33.0% males) | Cross-sectional household survey | 2014 (USD) | – |
| Boan 2014 [20] | USA | 84 179 aged over 25 years (35.5% blacks, 37.0% aged over 65 years) | Study based on data from the State Inpatient Hospital Discharge Database | 2014 (USD) | – |
| Boubouchairopoulou 2014 [21] | Greece | 116 aged over 30 years | Costs estimation | 2014 (EUR) | Int$ 1 = 0.611 EUR |
| Bueno 2017 [22] | Brazil | 806 aged over 60 years (39.1% males) | Cross-sectional study | 2015 (USD) | – |
| Cazarim 2018 [23] | Brazil | 104 aged 38–83 years | Cost-effectiveness study | 2015 (USD) | – |
| Finkelstein 2014 [24] | Indonesia | 10 795 mean age 53.3 years (47.8% males) | Study based on data from Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) | 2008 (Int$) | – |
| Gilmer 2014 [25] | USA | 71 617 aged 3–17 years (49.0% males) | Prospective dynamic cohort study | 2010 (USD) | – |
| Huang 2016 [26] | China | 21 925 mean age 61.05 years (48.7% males) | Study based on data from National Health Services Utilization Survey | 2016 (CNY) | Int$ 1 = 3.473 CNY |
| Kawalec 2015 [27] | Poland | 74 745 mean age 59.7 years (41.5% males) | Cost estimation | 2014 (PLN) | Int$ 1 = 1.767 PLN |
| Kirkland 2018 [28] | USA | 83 018 aged 18–85 years (45.6% males) | Study based on data from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey | 2016 (USD) | – |
| Lekoubou 2018 [29] | USA | 7421 aged 18–85 years (45.4% males) | Study based on data from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component | 2016 (USD) | – |
| Liu 2016 [30] | China | 414 mean age 64.3 years (34.1% males) | Study based on data from Cross-sectional surveys | 2015 (CNY) | Int$ 1 = 3.478 CNY |
| Marra 2017 [31] | Canada | Mean age 63.5 years (48.8% males) | Cost-effectiveness study | 2015 (CAD) | Int$ 1 = 1.247 CAD |
| Milan 2017 [32] | Canada (Quebec) | 881 aged over 65 years (36.6% males) | Study based on data from “Étude sur la santé des aînés” | 2017 (CAD) | Int$ 1 = 1.251 CAD |
| Mitchell-Fearon 2017 [10] | Jamaica | 2 934 aged over 60 years (47.9% males) | Cost estimation | 2012 (USD) | – |
| Moise 2016 [33] | USA | 35–74 years | Cost estimation | 2016 (USD) | – |
| Murphy 2016 [34] | Kyrgyzstan | 9109 (47.7% males) | Study based on data from Kyrgyzstan Integrated Household Survey (KIHS) | 2016 (USD) | – |
| Mutowo 2016 [35] | Zimbabwe | 344 mean age 58.6 years (36.3% males) | Retrospective study based on secondary data from medical records | 2016 (USD) | – |
| Nguyen 2014 [36] | Vietnam | 230 mean age 64.3 years (46.5% males) | Retrospective study | 2011 (USD) | – |
| Paczkowska 2014 [37] | Poland | 480 aged 16–18 years (69.4% males) | Retrospective study | 2013 (EUR) | Int$ 1 = 0.775 EUR |
| Park 2017 [38] | USA | 26 049 aged over 18 years (49.0% males) | Study based on data from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey | 2014 (USD) | – |
| Ricci 2017 [39] | Italy | Unspecified | Cost estimation | 2011 (EUR) | Int$ 1 = 0.759 EUR |
| Ritchey 2016 [40] | USA | Over 18 years | Study based on data from IMS Health’s National Prescription Audit | 2015 (USD) | – |
| Shireman 2016 [41] | USA | 494 mean age 53.5 years (35% males, 100% blacks) | Cost-effectiveness study | 2015 (USD) | – |
| Specogna 2017 [42] | Canada | 987 mean age 72 years (55% males) | Cohort study | 2017 (USD) | – |
| Stafylas 2015 [43] | Greece | Mean age 53.2 years (55.3% males) | Cost-utility study | 2013 (EUR) | Int$ 1 = 0.631 EUR |
| Tajeu 2017 [44] | USA | 30 239 over 45 years mean age 66.8 years (44.5% males) | Cost-utility study | 2012 (USD) | – |
| Tamblyn 2018 [45] | Canada (Quebec) | 3592 over 18 years (44.7% males) | Single-blind cluster randomized trial | 2017 (CAD) | Int$ 1 = 1.251 CAD |
| Vasudeva 2016 [46] | USA | 35–74 years | Cost-effectiveness study | 2015 (USD) | – |
| Wang G. 2017 [47] | USA | 40 746 over 18 years (59.0% males) | Study based on data from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey | 2014 (USD) | – |
| Wang G., Fang J. 2014 [48] | USA | Over 25 years, mean age 67.8 years | Study based on data from National Hospital Discharge Survey | 2008 (USD) | – |
| Wang G., Zhang Z. 2014 [49] | USA | 18–64 years | Study based on data from MarketScan inpatient database | 2008 (USD) | – |
| Wang Q. 2014 [50] | China | 1528 over 18 years | Study based on data on medical payments | 2014 (USD) | – |
| Wang Z. 2017 [51] | China | 793 aged 18–70 years, mean age 56.3 years (59.0% males) | Cost-effectiveness study, randomized, open-label, prospective clinical trial | 2016 (USD) | – |
| Weaver 2015 [52] | Canada | 608 157 mean age 62.3 years (48.6% males) | Study based on data from Alberta Kidney Disease Network | 2014 (CAD) | Int$ 1 = 1.23 CAD |
| Zhang 2017 [53] | USA | Over 18 years | Study based on data from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey | 2015 (USD) | – |