TABLE 1.

Summary of active phase 1 clinical trials investigating IO agents in combination with other IO agents, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and biological therapeutics (www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Combination regimens	Number of phase 1 trials	Treatment setting (number of active trials)	Tumour types (number of active phase 1 trials)
IO + IO	70	Early (5) Advanced (65)	Advanced Solid Tumours (42), Lung (5), Breast (4), GI (5), CNS (1), Gyn (2), HN (2), Sarcoma (1), Melanoma/Skin (4), GU (4)
IO + chemotherapy	37	Early (8) Advanced (29)	Advanced Solid Tumours (5), Lung (5), Breast (8), GI (13), CNS (1), Gynae (1), HN (1), Sarcoma (1), GU (1), Melanoma/Skin (1)
IO + radiation therapy	35	Early (7) Advanced (28)	Advanced Solid Tumours (6), Lung (6), Breast (1), GI (4), CNS (6), Gynae (3), HN (3), Melanoma/Skin (1), GU (5)
IO + biological therapy	39	Early (0) Advanced (39)	Advanced Solid Tumours (8), Lung (6), Breast (1), GI (7), Gynae (3), HN (2), Melanoma/Skin (2), GU (8), CNS (2)

Abbreviations: IO = immuno‐oncology, GI = gastrointestinal; CNS = central nervous system; Gynae = gynaecological; HN = head and neck; GU = genitourinary.