. 2020 Aug 24;135:110254. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110254

Table 8.

The weighting equations of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle [81].

Description	Equations
Weight fraction of nanoparticles in nanofluid	$ϕ = \frac{V_{n p}}{V_{n f}}$
Quantity of nanofluids	$V_{n f} = V_{n p} + V_{b f}$
Quantity of base-fluid	$V_{b f} = \frac{W_{b f}}{ρ_{b f}}$
Quantity of nanoparticle	$V_{n p} = \frac{W_{n p}}{ρ_{n p}}$