Table 1.
Participant characteristics overall and by ethnic group
| Maternal characteristics | All (N = 6977) | White British (N = 3060) | Pakistani (N = 3917) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| <20 | 512 (7.3) | 383 (12.5) | 129 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| 20–24 | 1897 (27.2) | 851 (27.8) | 1046 (26.7) | |
| 25–29 | 2247 (32.2) | 887 (29.0) | 1360 (34.7) | |
| 30–34 | 1472 (21.1) | 568 (18.6) | 904 (23.1) | |
| 35+ | 849 (12.2) | 371 (12.1) | 478 (12.2) | |
| Single parent | ||||
| No | 5820 (83.4) | 2144 (70.1) | 3676 (93.9) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1157 (16.6) | 916 (29.9) | 241 (6.2) | |
| Maternal education | ||||
| Less than degree level | 5513 (79.0) | 2515 (82.2) | 2998 (76.5) | <0.001 |
| Degree level | 1464 (21.0) | 545 (17.8) | 919 (23.5) | |
| Smoked during pregnancy | ||||
| No | 5786 (82.9) | 1996 (65.2) | 3790 (96.8) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1191 (17.1) | 1064 (34.8) | 127 (3.2) | |
| In receipt of means-tested benefits | ||||
| No | 3847 (55.1) | 1833 (59.9) | 2014 (51.4) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3130 (44.9) | 1227 (40.1) | 1903 (48.6) | |
| Number of other children in household | ||||
| 0 | 2055 (29.4) | 1293 (42.2) | 762 (19.5) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 2145 (30.8) | 1091 (35.7) | 1054 (26.9) | |
| 2–3 | 2271 (32.6) | 613 (20.1) | 1658 (42.3) | |
| 4+ | 506 (7.2) | 63 (2.1) | 443 (11.3) | |
| Mother’s place of birth | ||||
| Born in UK | 4622 (66.3) | 2991 (97.8) | 1631 (41.6) | <0.001 |
| Born outside UK | 2355 (33.7) | 69 (2.2) | 2286 (58.4) | |
| Child’s year of birth | ||||
| 2007–08 | 1335 (19.1) | 519 (17.0) | 816 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| 2008–09 | 1550 (22.2) | 618 (20.2) | 932 (23.8) | |
| 2009–10 | 2096 (30.0) | 943 (30.8) | 1153 (29.4) | |
| 2010–11 | 1996 (28.6) | 980 (32.0) | 1016 (25.9) |
Values are expressed as n (%).
*
P values for difference between White British and Pakistani participants tested using chi-squared test.