Fig. 6.
Biosynthetic pathway of glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Ceramide (Cer) is the biosynthetic origin of GSLs. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is synthesized from Cer by GlcCer synthetase, and subsequently, lactosylceramide (LacCer) is synthesized from GlcCer by LacCer synthetase. Our results indicate that LacCer synthetase is encoded by B4galt-5 and B4galt-6 genes in mice. LacCer is the starting point of various gangliosides, including o-, a-, b-, and c-series gangliosides.