Extended Data Fig. 7 |. Histological analysis of CD8⁺ T cells in hippocampi from patients with AD and from APP/PS1 mice.

a, A blood vessel in the brain of a control (non-neurological disease) patient shows a lack of extravascular CD8⁺ T cells. Asterisk indicates the blood vessel lumen. b, A CD8⁺ T cell within an Aβ plaque. Scale bar, 5 μm. c, CD8⁺ T cells in the AD-affected hippocampus in close proximity to Aβ plaques. White lines measure the distances from each cell to the nearest plaque centre. Data in a, b were replicated in at least three independent experiments. d, Quantification of the average distance from CD8⁺ T cells to the nearest Aβ plaque. The dashed red line indicates the average of all cells. e, Representative images of the dentate gyrus that were used to quantify CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells in the hippocampi of control individuals and patients with AD. Inset shows two CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells. Sizes of the area plots used for quantification are shown for each image. Scale bar, 500 μm. f, Association of a CD8⁺ T cell with NEFH⁺ neuronal processes by immunohistochemistry and 3D modelling in the APP/PS1 mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. g, Electron microscopy showing an association of a CD8⁺ T cell with neuronal processes. Red arrowheads indicate areas in which the CD8⁺ T cell associates with neuronal processes. Data in e-g were replicated in at least two independent experiments.