Table II.
Summary of reported cases of SARS-CoV-2–associated autoimmune cytopenias in adults
| Clinical variable | Patients younger than 50 y |
Patients older than 60 y |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This case | Li et al20 | Lopez et al21 | Zagorski et al22 | Capes et al23 | Lazarian et al24 | |
| Age (y) | 17 | 39 | 46 | 46 | 62 | 61-89 (7 patients) |
| Sex | Male | Male | Female | Female | Male | 3 female and 4 male |
| SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive (7 of 7) |
| Hemoglobulin (g/dL) | 2.5 | 6.4 | 9.7 | 5.3 | 12, decreased to 6.9 | 3.8-10.8 |
| Platelets (cells/μL) | 94,000 | 3,000 | 43,000 | 318,000 | 101,000 | Not specified |
| Direct antigen test | IgG+ and C3+ Warm agglutinin+ |
Positive, not further specified | IgG+ and C3+ | IgG+ and C3+ Cold agglutinin+ |
C3+ Cold agglutinin+ |
IgG+ (5 of 7) C3+ (4 of 7) Warm agglutinin+ (4 of 7) Cold agglutinin+ (3 of 7) |
| Prior autoimmunity | ITP | None | Congenital thrombocytopenia | ITP during pregnancy | Not reported | Diabetes (2 of 7) |
| Other past medical history | Hypogammaglobulinemia | None | None | None | Arterial hypertension Heavy smoking Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma |
Malignancy (5 of 7) MGUS (1 of 7) Hypertension (4 of 7) Chronic renal failure (3 of 7) Cardiac disease (2 of 7) Obesity (1 of 7) COPD (1 of 7) |
| Other symptoms | Fever Vomiting Diarrhea Dyspnea Coagulopathy |
Fever Dyspnea Cough Hemoptysis, epistaxis |
Fever Pulmonary consolidation |
Fever Pulmonary infiltrates |
Fever Pulmonary infiltrates |
Pulmonary infiltrates (7 of 7) |
| Other infectious disease testing | Negative blood culture | Not reported | Negative: Influenza, RSV, viral respiratory panel Blood cultures Streptococcus pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila urine antigens |
Negative: Hepatitis viral panel Respiratory pathogen panel, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae HIV1/2 antibody |
Negative: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, adenovirus, influenza Hepatitis B and C, HIV antibodies |
Not reported |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids IVIG Fresh frozen plasma Transfusions |
IVIG | IVIG Transfusions Corticosteroids |
Transfusions | Transfusions | Corticosteroids (5 of 7) Rituximab (2 of 7) Transfusions (2 of 7) |
| Outcome | Recovered | Recovered | Recovered | Death; acute hemolysis, hypoxia, cardiac arrest | Recovering from respiratory failure | Recovering |
COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; MGUS, monoclonal gammapathy of unknown significance; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.