Table 1.

Long-term complications of Fontan circulation and the appropriate imaging techniques to investigate and monitor them

Organ system	Complication	Radiologic investigation, monitoring
General	Reduced physical capacity (present in 100% of patients)
Cardiac	Ventricular dysfunction	Echocardiography/cardiac MRI/CT
	Atrioventricular valve regurgitation Arrhythmia
	Heart failure
	Cyanosis
Lungs	Increased pulmonary vascular resistance	CT/catheterization Angiography/cardiac MRI
	Aortopulmonary/venovenous collaterals
Liver	Fibrosis/cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma	US, CT, MRI
Kidney	Renal dysfunction	Doppler US
Veno-lymphatic system	Lymphangiectasia	MR, lymphangiography
	Plastic bronchitis	MR/CT/lymphangiography
	Protein-losing enteropathy	Catheterization intervention
Bone	Growth disturbances	Radiographic bone age estimation
	Bone mineral deficiency	Bone mineral density measurement
Brain	Neurodevelopmental disorders	MR brain
	Cognitive disorders
	Behavioral deficits

CT computed tomography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, US ultrasonography