Table 4.
Identification of significant differential metabolites in milk from lactating cows fed TMR supplemented with 0 (CON) and 120 g/d artemisinin (ART), n = 6
| Metabolites | RT (min) | Ion (m/z) | Mass error (ppm) | VIPa | FCb | P value | Tendency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycerophospholipids | |||||||
| PC(18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | 11.09 | 854.59 | 0.85 | 3.69 | 0.55 | 0.00 | |
| PC(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | 10.62 | 826.56 | 1.16 | 5.75 | 0.70 | 0.01 | |
| PC(16:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) | 10.59 | 852.58 | 0.71 | 4.56 | 0.75 | 0.01 | |
| LysoPC(18:0) | 8.81 | 568.36 | − 1.76 | 5.10 | 0.69 | 0.03 | |
| PS(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | 10.46 | 850.49 | 0.79 | 1.01 | 0.76 | 0.01 | |
| PS(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) | 11.34 | 786.53 | 0.41 | 12.54 | 1.23 | 0.01 | ↑ |
| PS(18:1(9Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) | 11.15 | 878.52 | 2.88 | 1.15 | 0.71 | 0.00 | |
| PS(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) | 10.98 | 866.47 | − 7.84 | 1.31 | 0.72 | 0.00 | |
| PS(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0) | 10.90 | 808.51 | 0.90 | 1.69 | 0.92 | 0.05 | |
| 1-Stearoylglycerophosphoinositol | 8.50 | 599.32 | − 0.76 | 8.73 | 0.68 | 0.01 | |
| PG(16:0/0:0) | 7.98 | 483.27 | − 2.21 | 1.04 | 0.56 | 0.04 | |
| PS(14:1(9Z)/22:1(11Z)) | 11.46 | 788.54 | − 1.06 | 9.17 | 1.28 | 0.01 | ↑ |
| PS(18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | 10.96 | 786.53 | − 1.30 | 4.74 | 1.24 | 0.05 | ↑ |
| PE(P-16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)(12OH[S])) | 10.52 | 740.52 | − 0.51 | 5.81 | 1.22 | 0.01 | ↑ |
| PS(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | 7.03 | 752.51 | − 9.59 | 2.53 | 0.18 | 0.03 | |
| Fatty acyls | |||||||
| Kojibiose | 0.59 | 377.08 | 0.24 | 17.75 | 0.86 | 0.03 | |
| DL-2-hydroxy stearic acid | 9.25 | 299.26 | − 2.06 | 1.49 | 0.73 | 0.00 | |
| 2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine | 2.25 | 246.17 | 0.10 | 5.41 | 0.64 | 0.03 | |
| Prenol lipids | |||||||
| Spirolide E | 7.05 | 708.49 | 7.07 | 2.85 | 0.20 | 0.04 | |
| Sphingolipids | |||||||
| SM(d18:1/14:0) | 10.37 | 719.53 | − 0.30 | 4.85 | 1.20 | 0.02 | ↑ |
| Glycerolipids | |||||||
| MG(0:0/14:0/0:0) | 8.08 | 285.24 | − 0.34 | 3.20 | 2.67 | 0.01 | ↑ |
| 1-Monopalmitin | 8.78 | 331.28 | 0.40 | 2.32 | 1.73 | 0.02 | ↑ |
| Imidazopyrimidines | |||||||
| Adenine | 12.99 | 136.06 | − 0.28 | 1.45 | 0.61 | 0.00 | |
| Flavonoids | |||||||
| Isovitexin 7-(6′’’-sinapoylglucoside) 4′-glucoside | 0.76 | 943.26 | 6.16 | 3.83 | 3.81 | 0.02 | ↑ |
| 2′’-(6′’-p-Coumaroylglucosyl)quercitrin | 0.80 | 777.16 | − 4.81 | 6.15 | 0.42 | 0.01 | |
| 6′’-p-Coumaroylprunin | 0.78 | 601.14 | 8.40 | 4.34 | 2.52 | 0.04 | ↑ |
| Kaempferol 3-(2′’-rhamnosylgalactoside) 7-rhamnoside | 0.60 | 777.16 | − 5.28 | 4.62 | 0.21 | 0.00 | |
| Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside-7-(2′’-p-coumaryllaminaribioside) | 1.15 | 533.16 | − 4.04 | 3.86 | 1.28 | 0.02 | ↑ |
| Organooxygen compounds | |||||||
| 3-Glucosyl-2,3′,4,4′,6-pentahydroxybenzophenone | 0.59 | 445.07 | − 8.72 | 1.99 | 0.25 | 0.00 | |
| Maltose | 0.59 | 341.11 | − 3.21 | 7.52 | 1.18 | 0.00 | ↑ |
| N-Acetylgalactosamine | 0.64 | 244.08 | − 1.27 | 1.94 | 0.60 | 0.04 | |
| Carboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||||
| 5-Aminopentanamide | 4.15 | 296.21 | 4.66 | 1.46 | 1.82 | 0.01 | ↑ |
| Vitamins | |||||||
| Pantothenic acid | 1.831 | − 0.945 | 55.4 | 3.378 | 1.397 | 0.003 | ↑ |
aVIP and P values: All differential metabolites ART group/CON group were those with a VIP > 1 and P < 0.05
bFC: fold change, the ART group vs the CON group