Table 4.
Comparison of changes in clinical profile within the matched cohorts.
| Conservative group | Surgical group | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oswestry disability index score | |||
| Initial | 40.1 ± 16.5 | 41.0 ± 17.7 | 0.810 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 25.9 ± 15.3 | 25.7 ± 14.4 | 0.949 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 23.4 ± 13.5 | 13.4 ± 6.4 | < 0.001 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 19.1 ± 12.8 | 12.1 ± 7.9 | 0.002 |
| PSQI global score | |||
| Global score | |||
| Initial | 12.5 ± 3.1 | 12.3 ± 3.2 | 0.748 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 9.0 ± 3.2 | 6.7 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 9.8 ± 3.1 | 6.6 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 9.3 ± 4.0 | 5.8 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
| Decrease of global score from initial value ≥ 3 (= improvement of sleep quality) | |||
| Initial | – | – | |
| At 6-week follow-up | 29 (60) | 37 (77) | 0.078 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 22 (46) | 39 (81) | < 0.001 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 24 (50) | 41 (85) | < 0.001 |
| Scores of 7 subcategories in PSQI | |||
| Sleep quality | |||
| Initial | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 0.340 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.348 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 0.111 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.021 |
| Sleep latency (minutes) | |||
| Initial | 3.3 ± 2.1 (46 ± 25) | 4.0 ± 2.1 (52 ± 26) | 0.032 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 2.6 ± 2.0 (38 ± 19) | 1.8 ± 1.7 (30 ± 16) | 0.111 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 2.9 ± 2.2 (40 ± 22) | 1.4 ± 1.0 (25 ± 17) | 0.001 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 2.6 ± 2.0 (37 ± 23) | 1.3 ± 1.5 (24 ± 15) | 0.001 |
| Sleep duration (minutes) | |||
| Initial | 2.2 ± 1.0 (323 ± 63) | 2.0 ± 1.0 (326 ± 61) | 0.543 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 1.9 ± 1.0 (343 ± 63) | 1.6 ± 1.0 (364 ± 60) | 0.230 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 1.8 ± 1.0 (338 ± 72) | 1.4 ± 1.0 (375 ± 68) | 0.059 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 1.7 ± 1.1 (343 ± 78) | 1.1 ± 1.0 (373 ± 70) | 0.152 |
| Sleep efficiency | |||
| Initial | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.001 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 0.146 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.029 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.184 |
| Sleep disturbance | |||
| Initial | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.442 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.011 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.6 | 0.048 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Use of sleep medication | |||
| Initial | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.874 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.345 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.454 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.260 |
| Daytime dysfunction | |||
| Initial | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 0.833 |
| At 6-week follow-up | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.051 |
| At 3-month follow-up | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.030 |
| At 6-month follow-up | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.012 |
Data were presented by number (%) of patients or mean ± standard deviation.